OCTOBER 1955 Above all, Pabco stands for color. You get the widest choice of colors in roofing— lots of new colors in paint, too. Inside and outside the house, Pabco colors are always right for your home, because LOOK AM BAD WITH Pabco For Color ^mA they're right for each other. That's how Pabco makes your home the smartest L house on \ k the street. Ik Look for Pabco Elk. < paint, roofing, siding, where ^1 ■k you see this ^ Bk. emblem. u ^R^2 Jr F#r -*-' S id V f'AiiCO PRODUCCi It At 47*j BRANNAN SffiEl 1 SAN BANClSCO. CALIFORNIA 0 by Dr. Franklin S. Harris, Jr. In England about 1300 A.D. the peas- ant had to pay a fine if he sent his son to grammar school or university because the manor lost a laborer, hence the landlord had to be compensated. At the elementary school the first book was a horn book, made of parchment pro- tected by a transparent layer of horn, on which were written the alphabet, the Lord's prayer, and one or two other elementary things. In the fifty years since the United States Forest Service was organized, the American forestry profession has had 15,000 men obtain degrees from techni- cal schools. The Society of American Foresters has over 10,000 members. Fofessor Delbert A. Greenwood of the Utah State Agricultural College has demonstrated on 1500 animals that if slaughter cattle are fed a pound of sugar daily on top of regular food the last three days of their life, the carcasses will average six pounds heavier. Similar results have been found in calves, sheep, swine, chickens, and turkeys. Screw-worm flies lay eggs in cuts and scratches in animals' bodies. When the eggs hatch into larvae, they cause discomfort to the animals and financial loss to the owners of the animals. In the course of research for chemicals to control the flies, 100 generations were reared artificially on a synthetic diet. When released after 100 generations away from animals, the flies started buzzing around animals looking for a place to lay eggs. A study of the rate of wear of sea cliffs at La Jolla, California, has found that it takes about 600 years to weather the sandstone cliffs one foot, by action of weathering and erosion. Oueen Shub-ad's tiny filigree vanity case, shaped like a shell, the size of a man's little finger, contained a metal stick for training the cuticle, a pair of dainty tweezers for shaping the eye- brows, and a small spoon probably for scooping rouge. Queen Shub-ad lived in ancient Ur (of the Chaldees), Iraq, 5,000 years ago. OCTOBER 1955 PURITY BISCUIT CO. SALT LAKE • PHOENIX • POCATELLO 689 NEAT . . . because he's a professional painter K I EAT is the word for any painting job done by your professional Painting Con- tractor. He makes it his business to care- fully protect your furnishings, floors or shrubbery — and without annoying fuss or bother. He has the tools and equipment neces- sary to do a fast, thorough job on any painting problem you may have — inside or outside your home. And his long experience assures you of beautiful results that will give complete and lasting satisfaction. For names of reliable Painting Contractors, call your Fuller Paint Dealer. FULLER PAINTS njuer POINTS W. P. Fuller & Co. Be sure to ask your Painting Contractor to use Fuller latex wall and woodwork paint — FUL-COLOR. He'll be glad to, because FUL-COLOR goes on smoothly, evenly, easily. It has no "painty" odor, so you can re-occupy a room only one hour after he's finished. Choose your favorite paint colors from the famous Fuller Jewel Case at your Fuller Paint Dealer. 690 A New Pattern of Influence by Dr. Q. Homer Durham VICE PRESIDENT, UNIVERSITY OF UTAH A great change is taking place in the United States. The custody, super- vision, and leadership of what we call "the American way of life" is shifting to the Western States. The 1956 elec- tions will bring into focus the new power of California and Texas. Governor Goodwin Knight of California and Gov- ernor Allen Shivers of Texas are cur- rently receiving public notice of their new political importance. But the change is more than political. It is demo- graphic, economic, and social. There is potential to lift American life to differ- ent levels of outlook, status, and behav- ior. It is a product of the influence of new patterns of living in an arc of twelve western states. This arc swings from northwest to southwest, from the Pacific Coast and the forty-ninth par- allel to Texas and the Gulf of Mexico. This is the fastest-growing area in the American Union, led in percentage of pop- ulation increase 1940-50 by California's 53.3 percent 10,586,223 in the 1950 census, California stood second only to New York's 14,830,- 192. But New York in the same decade grew only 10.0 percent. It is possible that the 1960 census may show Cali- fornia as the most populous state in the Union. Washington, at the north- west tip of this new arc of American influence, showed 37 percent population growth. Texas, at the southwest, reached 7,711,194 in 1950, with 20.2 percent, while Arizona's rate was near Cali- fornia's with 50.1 percent. Population Table 1940-50 — The Twelve Western States Totaling State 1950 Census Increase Washington 2,378,963 37.0% Oregon 1,521,341 39.6 California 10,586,223 53.3 Idaho 588,657 12.1 Nevada 160,083 45.2 Utah 688,862 25.2 Arizona 749,587 50.1 Montana 591,024 5.6 Wyoming 290,529 15.9 Colorado 1,325,089 18.0 New Mexico 681,187 28.1 Texas 7,711,194 20.2 The political influence of this new ares was demonstrated in the 1952 presidential nominating conventions. California's influence was decisive in the Republican convention. Led by Gover- nor Earl Warren, California held the balance of power between the Taft and the Eisenhower forces. When Cali- fornia swung to Eisenhower, the show was over. California's new role in America then was demonstrated by the selection of Senator Richard Nixon as "Ike's" Vice President. Later, Governor Warren received the highest prize con- ferrable by the Presidency when Presi- dent Eisenhower named him Chief Justice of the United States. That Chief Justice Warren could be a one-term Eisenhower successor was clear by 1954 ■ — again an indication of the new position of the West and California. But with a worthy regard for p \ the judiciary, Chief Jus- tice Warren removed himself from the presi- dential picture. Imme- diately the lines of politi- cal force (Republican) regrouped themselves around California, this time around the three most visual objects on that politi- cal magnet — Vice President Nixon, Senator Knowland, and Governor Knight. That magnet will continue to attract and determine political lines of force. All the foregoing is the surface aspect of a great shift inside America. From the beginning down to around 1824, the United States was dominated by the Atlantic seaboard. Philadelphia was the most central, cultural capital, with Boston and New York to the north and Baltimore and Charleston to the south. From 1824 to 1860, the new "west" and "south" — Ohio, Tennessee, Kentucky, Missouri, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas — made their impact on the old seats of power. New York developed the best communications with the "new west" (by means of the Erie Canal — Great Lakes — Ohio River — Mississippi water- ways) and rose to be the nation's popu- lation center. Presidents of the United States, in the main, came from either New York or Ohio (typifying this power) for the next century. Lincoln's election from Illinois in 1860 only cemented the geographic, economic, and cultural alliance centering at New York. But today a brand new pattern is emerg- ing. Texas, too long considered as "southern," is actually more western in attitude and spirit. (7,711,194 people in (Concluded on page 694) THE IMPROVEMENT ERA 6 GREAT NEW BOOKS just off the press . . . 1. DOCTRINES OF SALVATION Volume Two Sermons and Writings of Joseph Fielding Smith Compiled by Bruce R. McConkie The eagerly awaited second vol- ume of this tremendously popu- lar works is now available. Dis- cussions concerning salvation and exaltation, what they are and how to gain them, are authoritatively presented in an easy to understand language. Throughout 18 absorbing chap- ters, celestial marriage, the degrees of glory, salvation for the dead, temples, and the resur- rection are but a few of the subjects discussed. <t*j f\(\ 3. IT'S YOUR LIFE TO ENJOY By Wendell J. Ashton This is a book for those who would keep young in Jieart. Full of anecdotes about great names, glimpses at interesting places, exciting experiences, and sound philosophy, this colorful and varied panorama of life will add zest to living. It's your book to enjoy- $2.50 5. COMMENTARY ON THE BOOK OF MORMON By George Reynolds and Janne M. Sjodahl After reading, re-reading, and reading again the sacred pages of the Book of Mormon, the authors of this monumental commentary turned to writing about the divine and glorious revelations the book disclosed. As the reader progresses in the commentary, new vistas and horizons are sure to enter his scope. FROM r OADS 0tkhmflJmm $5.00 2. FROM THE CROSS-ROADS By Richard L. Evans More than 100 of the choicest sermonettes delivered during the world famous Tabernacle Choir broadcasts have been assembled by the author of the Spoken Word, Elder Richard L. Evans. These sparkling, two to three minute sermonettes concern themselves with "thoughts on God and love and the ever- lasting things." <tO "TC 4. GOLDEN NUGGETS FROM THE NEW TESTAMENT By Ezra L. Marler From the beginning of Matthew to the end of Revelations are scattered golden nuggets of truth and beauty. These inspiring bits of wisdom and truth have been so arranged by the author that the reader can quickly and pleasantly find and acquire the pearls of great price contained in the New Testament. $2.25 &m VifllllwlM •i^F'ihih,,,. 9 6. LET YOUR LIGHT SHINE By A. L. Cook The practical application of the Gospel of Jesus Christ is told in an interesting and forthright style that is certain to inspire a Christ-like life. Young parents will find this Gospel study es- pecially helpful with its in- spirational counsel and impell- ing fight against human delin- quency. $2.50 c o : ■ ::::;:;:;;::;::; ;:;:;:-i">:-: Order by Mail or through Bookcraft Dealers Bookcraft 1 1 86 South Main Salt Lake City Utah BOOKCRAFT 1186 South Main, Salt Lake City, Utah Please send the following circled books: Oct. 1955 12 3 4 5 6 for which I enclose check ( ) or money order ( ) NAME □ Please send a complete list of LDS books available through Bookcraft dealers. GENEALOGY SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS Write for Complete Price List OCTOBER 1955 ADDRESS -. C ITY STATE. . I 691 "The Voice of the Church" r*> n*> VOLUME 58 NUMBER 10 Editors: DAVID 0. McKAY - RICHARD L. EVANS Managing Editor: DOYLE L. GREEN Associate Managing Editor: MARBA C. JOSEPHSON Production Editor: ELIZABETH J. MOFFITT Research Editor: ALBERT L. ZOBELL, JR. Manuscript Editor: ALLIE HOWE Contributing Editors: ARCHIBALD F. BENNETT - G. HOMER DURHAM FRANKLIN S. HARRIS, JR. - MILTON R. HUNTER - HUGH NIBLEY LEE A. PALMER - CLAUDE B. PETERSEN - SIDNEY B. SPERRY General Manager: ELBERT R. CURTIS - Associate Manager: BERTHA S. REEDER Business Manager: JOHN D. GILES - Advertising Director: VERL F. SCOTT Subscription Director: A. GLEN SNARR The Editor's Page A Lesson in Reverence President David O. McKay 701 Church Features Your Question: How Was Lehi a Descendant of the Jews? - ...Joseph Fielding Smith 702 The Way of the Church — Two Views of Church History — Con- clusion Hugh Nibley 708 Solomon Mack and His Family — Part 2 Archibald F. Bennett 712 Through the Eyes of Youth — Courage in Action ..Jim McFarland 720 The Church Moves On 696 Genealogy 712 Melchizedek Priesthood 752 Presiding Bishopric's Page 754 Special Features President Joseph Fielding Smith Visits the Far East Xyle B. Leatham 703 The Other Side of the Equation Esther Freshman 707 Timeless Principles of Family Relationships Victor A. Christopherson 710 Riches at Our Feet .__. Ezra J. Poulsen 711 Should Parents Be Teachers? Elizabeth Adamson 715 Dear Tom: Margaret T. Goff 719 Pisgah — Mormon Landmark Lorraine V. Buckman 722 Archaeology and the Book of Mormon — Part VI ........Milton R. Hunter 724 The Spoken Word from Temple Square _. Richard L. Evans 734, 740, 764 Exploring the Universe, Franklin S. Harris, Jr 689 These Times- — A New Pattern of In- Today's Family Know Your LDS Cooks — Food and Fun When Spooking's Done, Barbara Williams 756 fluence, G. Homer Durham 690 Your Page and Ours 768 Let Sister Help, Louise Price Bell. .760 Handy Hints 760 Understanding, O. A. Kearney 761 Stories, Poetry Little No-Name's Grandson George A. Boyce 704 A Disgrace to the Family Mary Ek Knowles 716 Frontispiece — Autumn Road, Dor- Signal Fires, Elizabeth A. Hutchi- othy J. Roberts 700 son 748 Poetry Page 701 Two Shopping, Lucretia Penny 751 \-Jfticiat \_Jrqan or THE PRIESTHOOD QUORUMS, MUTUAL IMPROVEMENT ASSO- CIATIONS, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, MUSIC COMMITTEE, WARD TEACHERS, AND OTHER AGENCIES OF ~Jke L^kurck of /jeiu-i L^kriit of <=JLatter-aau S>aint5 Uke C-t over The glorious autumn colors in the North Fork of American Fork Canyon with Utah's Mount Timpanogos in the back- ground is our cover photograph. It is the work of Hal Rumel. EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICES 50 North Main Street Y.M.M.LA. Offices, 50 North Main St. Y.W.M.I.A. Offices, 40 North Main St. Salt Lake City 1, Utah Copyright 1955 by Mutual Funds, Inc., and published by the Mutual Improvement Asso- ciations of the Church of Jesus Christ of Lat- ter-day Saints. All rights reserved. Sub- scription price, $2.50 a year, in advance ; foreign subscriptions, $3.00 a year, in advance; 25c single copy. Entered at the Post OfFice, Salt Lake City, Utah, as second-class matter. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in section 1103. Act of October 1917, au- thorized July 2, 1918. The Improvement Era is not responsible for unsolicited manuscripts, but welcomes con- tributions. All manuscripts must be accom- panied by sufficient postage for delivery and return. ' Change of Address Thirty days* notice required for change of address. When ordering a change, please in- clude address slip from a recent issue of the magazine. Address changes cannot be made unless the old address as well as the new one is included. National Advertising Representatives EDWARD S. TOWNSEND COMPANY 110 Sutter St. San Francisco, California EDWARD S. TOWNSEND COMPANY 672 Lafayette Park Place Los Angeles 57, California SADLER AND SANGSTON ASSOCIATES 342 Madison Ave. New York 17, N. Y. DAVIS & SONS 30 N. LaSalle St. Chicago, Illinois Member, Audit Bureau of Circulations 692 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA t I J (I \:U €^ / Where there's a child there should be Cluld It's a happy house, where Childcraft lives. You can see it in the family pride, the sense of sharing, the feeling of belonging to each other. Families nourished by Childcraft just naturally grow together. The golden hours spent in storyland, in the magic of music and poetry and art and science, provide a priceless experience. "Building things together" means building a fuller future. Childcraft helps develop understanding as it helps guide parents. You'll receive the services of 150 leading experts in child guid- ance and education to help enrich your lives together. You and your children deserve Childcraft. It's a way of living. It's preparation for life, every step of the way. It's exactly what you want for your family. Field Enterprises, Inc., Educational Division Merchandise Mart Plaza, Chicago 54, Illinois There may be an opportunity to represent Childcraft in your neighborhood on a full-time basis. Free training, good income and future, no investment re- quired. For full information, write Mrs. Lucille Orr, Childcraft, Dept. 4240 Box 3565, Chicago 54, Illinois. ' Send NOW for FREE BOOKLET! Please send me FREE, without obligation, my copy of the new 24-page booklet, "Their Future Is In Your Hands" which contains a summary of "Education Is A 'Round The Clock Process!' Address: Mr. C. B. Lawter, Childcraft, 1 Dept. 3240. Box 3565, Chicago 54, Illinois. I ' I I Name I I Address _ , I City_ _Zone_ _State_ P. S. Hear the exciting Mercury Childcraft records at your nearest record store. £ My children's ages are- Si It's the grapes! The world's finest grapes are grown in the sun-drenched San Joaquin Valley of California on the Western Slope of the High Sierras. From these well-cared-for vineyards, stretching mile after mile, only the best of each year's crop is selected and dried in the sun to make Plump and Meaty Brand raisins. That's why Plump and Meaty Brand are the tastiest, plump- est, meatiest, most luscious raisins you ever ate! Make all your foods RICH with Plump and Meaty Brand raisins. Plump and Meaty Brand Natural Seedless Raisins are: • PURE • UNADULTERATED • CONTAIN NO CHEMICALS OR ARTIFICIAL PRESERVATIVES Luscious Plump and Meaty raisins come to you as fresh as the day they were packed — twice-sealed in Flavo-tite cartons or bags. They stay fresh and hold their natural good- ness and taste. Try them today! SAVE! Buy the economical two and four pound bags, twice-sealed in Flavo-tite. They keep! VAGIM PACKING COMPANY • FRESNO, CALIFORNIA 694 These Times (Concluded from page 690) 1950.) Like California, its economic strength alone is felt throughout the country. Nor should education he over- looked. The west, with Utah and Oregon first and second, leads the na- tion in proportion of college age youth actually enrolled in college. (Utah 52 percent; Oregon 43 percent; national average 31 percent.) Look at the map. Examine the edu- cation, transportation systems, economic strength, vigorous people of Washing- ton, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas. These people look to Seattle, Portland, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Phoenix, Alhuquerque, Dallas, Fort Worth, Hous- ton, Denver, and Salt Lake City with interest akin to regional pride. That regional pride is fortified by the western "horse opera" tradition so apparent in film, radio, and TV, where good always conquers evil. It is fortified by things new: plumbing, houses, highways, mo- tels, industries, schools, churches, oil, uranium, even clothing styles, in con- trast to the older American capitals of fjoston, New York, Philadelphia, Balti- more, and Charleston. One can look at Brigham Young's 1850 map of the "State of Deseret," em- bracing the central and southwest heart of this region, and admire his vision. Sitting in California, a Utahn can be- muse himself with Sam Brannan's trans- Sierra dash in June 1847, to meet Brig- ham Young at Fort Bridger; the debates there between Salt Lake Valley and the vast unfinished empire that is still be- coming California. One can even wish, for a moment, that Brigham's vision might have been Brannan's urge to go farther west. But, viewing the region as a whole, with Salt Lake City's posi- tion as an internal spiritual capital, accessible to the entire area, one can also be grateful that Brigham Young's vision prevailed. Political strength is a special indicator of where real power and influence exists. The second half of this century will show much political power issuing from this great area which includes Texas, California, and the Pacific Northwest. Certainly Chicago, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and the older seats of fi- nance, learning and influence are not going to drop from sight! But the maturing of the western states is now at hand. With this maturation, great and interesting changes can be expected. The 1956 campaign, about to get under way, will only be one indicator of a new pattern of American influence in these times. THE IMPROVEMENT ERA A Good Turn For Motorists Most people Consider a car the second-biggest purchase they'll ever make. Anything that extends its life or improves performance nat- urally contributes to your pocketbook as well as your motoring pleasure. Since our new "Deter gent- Action" Gasolines do both, they're prime examples of Standard's planning for you. Standard has built 4 catalytic reformers in the West to make these cleaner-burning, more pow- erful motor fuels required for best perform- ance of today's higher compression engines. This program was two years in planning and building — cost $50 million. This $50 million worth of plants is only part of the $350 million Standard is investing this year to make petroleum more useful and plen- tiful. Some of it will go for product research, part will pay for new manufacturing facilities. A good share will finance the search for new sources of oil to help supply the 733 gallons a year per person that go into thousands of oil-born products essential to modern living. So the $350 million is an investment in your future as well as ours. It's one way Standard helps guarantee there'll be plenty of oil to do more jobs today and in the years to come. STANDARD OIL COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA plans ahead to serve you better OCTOBER 1955 695 THE CHURCH MOVES ON A Day To Day Chronology Of Church Events July 1955 I Elder Spencer W. Kimball of the Council of the Twelve dedicated the chapel of the Rotterdam Branch, Netherlands Mission. Sunrise services commemorating the arrival of the Pioneers were held in Salt Lake City. Special Pioneer Day programs were held in many of the wards of the Church. An estimated ninety thousand people saw the "Days of '47" parade. The parade was also televised. A luncheon honoring the living pio- neers who came to Utah before the completion of the railroad in 1869 was given. The Torch They Bear, a musical pageant featuring 150 dramatists, a 200- voice choir, and soloist Carl Palangi of the San Francisco Opera Company was presented in the Salt Lake Tabernacle. Proceeds of this concert were given to the Salt Lake Tabernacle Choir European tour fund. The First Presidency announced the appointment of Elder Samuel E. Bringhurst to be president of the new Swiss Temple. Personnel of the new Church build- ing committee was announced. Named to assist Elder Wendell B. Mendenhall whose appointment has been announced as chairman were Elder John Henry Vandenberg of the Denver (Colorado) Stake presidency; Elder Harry E. Mc- Clure of Gridley (California) Stake; Elder Harold W. Burton of Los Angeles, and Elder Raymond H. Bradfield of Stockton, California. President David O. McKay dedi- cated the chapel of the Provo Park and University wards, Utah Stake. August 1955 2 President Joseph Fielding Smith of the Council of the Twelve dedi- cated the land of Korea for the preach- ing of the gospel. 6 The appointment of Dr. David Ririe, a member of the Sacramento (California) Stake high council, to have full charge of the agricultural develop- ment of Church lands at the New Zealand LDS College was announced. 696 Programs in many of the wards of the Church noted the seventy- seventh anniversary of the founding of the Primary Association. a Members of the Salt Lake Taber- nacle Choir and their friends left Salt Lake City aboard two special trains for their European tour. An estimated twelve thousand spectators witnessed the first per- formance of America's Witness for Christ, the sacred pageant presented yearly at the Hill Cumorah. Another performance of the pag- eant was given at the Hill Cu- morah, near Palmyra, New York. 13 Members of the Salt Lake Taber- nacle Choir embarked from Mont- real for their European tour aboard the S S Saxonia. Adverse weather conditions postponed the final performance of the pageant America's Witness for Christ. This was the first time in its fourteen year history that a performance has been cancelled. 1 i The stake conference schedule be- gan again this week end after a short summer vacation. Elder Mark E. Petersen of the Coun- cil of the Twelve dedicated the chapel of the Cedar (Utah) Stake center and the Cedar City Sixth ward. The final performance of America's Witness for Christ was presented at the Hill Cumorah before an audience of twenty thousand persons. 1 O President David O. McKay and his party left Salt Lake City by air for Europe where he will dedicate the Swiss Temple and break ground for the British Temple. Accompanying the President this time were Sister Emma Ray McKay, their son and daughter- in-law, Dr. and Mrs. Edward R. McKay, and the President's secretary, Clare Middlemiss. The annual junior all-Church soft- ball tournament opened at the new Church softball park and at Jordan Park. Scores in today's games: Central Park 12, Declo 8; San Diego Fifth 29, Moroni East 0; Ogden Twenty-seventh 1, Kaysville Second 0; Provo Eleventh 8, Malad Third 5; Weston 7, Layton Fifth 6; Montpelier Third 5, Corvallis 3; Las Vegas Sixth 8, Menan Second 5; Inglewood 2, Chandler 1; Nephi First 7, Terrace Second 5; Valley View 6, Compton First 5; St. David 18, Farm- ington Second 0; Taylorsville 7, Poca- tello Ninth 6; Holladay Fifth 18; Glen- wood 3; Clearfield Second 6, Grant Third 2; Salt Lake Thirtieth 6, Vineyard 5. f Scores in the all-Church junior softball tournament: Chandler 7, Lapoint 1; Menan 7, Terrace Second 6 (nine innings) ; Grant Third 15, Glen- wood 0; Inglewood 7, Castle Gate 0; Vineyard 13, Corvallis 2; Nephi 9, Las Vegas 3; Clearfield Second 6, Holladay Fifth 3; Salt Lake City Thirtieth 8, Montpelier 0; Farmington Second 10, Declo 6; Layton Fifth 3, Compton First 2; Pocatello Ninth 9, Kaysville Second 4; Malad Third 12, Moroni East 3; San Diego 12, Provo Eleventh 2; Weston 15, Valley View 6; Ogden Twenty- seventh 7, Taylorsville 5; Central Park 7, St. David 6 (nine innings). Scores in today's games of the all- Church junior softball tourna- ment: Malad Third 2, Pocatello Ninth 1; Layton Fifth 12, Farmington Second 6; St. David 2, Valley View 0; Central Park 10, Weston 4; Taylorsville 4, Provo Eleventh 3; San Diego 6, Ogden Twenty-seventh 2; Chandler 10, Grant Third 4; Menan 8, Vineyard 6; Holla- day Fifth 9, Castle Gate 5; Montpelier 15, Las Vegas 5; Inglewood 15, Clear- field Second 1; Salt Lake Thirtieth 19, Nephi 5. 19 President David O. McKay was among those meeting the Salt Lake Tabernacle Choir as it arrived at Greenock, Scotland. Scores in today's games of the all- Church junior softball tournament: Chandler 10, Menan 3; St. David 9, Taylorsville 4; Montpelier 5, Holladay Fifth 4; Layton Fifth 4, Malad 1; Clear- field 6, Nephi 2; Ogden Twenty-seventh 7, Weston 6; San Diego 6, Central Park 2; Inglewood 8, Salt Lake City Thirtieth 1. n a President Joseph Fielding Smith of the Council of the Twelve an- nounced in Manila that the Church would establish a new mission in the Philippines "within the next two months." The Salt Lake Tabernacle Choir gave its first concert of the European tour in Kelvin Hall, Glasgow, Scotland. THE IMPROVEMENT ERA te v(/lkiom< A new book by PRESIDENT STEPHEN L RICHARDS Complete addresses, as well as excerpts from the wealth of addresses President Richards has made to religious groups, busi^- ness meetings, and service organizations are collected together in one volume. President Richards has received wide recogni- tion as a thoughtful, provocative speaker. These choice addresses contain outstanding material for use by speakers and readers. $3.50 2. From The Cross-Roads ^*T Pit / The newest book of sermonettes by RICHARD L. EVANS Here is a new book of Richard L. Evans' sermonettes from the Sunday morning Tabernacle Choir Broadcasts. Each one is a literary gem ... a brief but profound religious experience in reading. $3.00 New and Vital Reading . . . FROM * CROSS* RicfuwfLEvais me Hesfor 3. The Ten Commandments Today The fundamental principles laid down at Mt. Sinai are clearly defined by members of the Council of the Twelve (Joseph Fielding Smith, Hai-old B. Lee, Spencer W. Kimball, Mark E. Petersen, LeGrand Richards, Adam S. Bennion, and Richard L. Evans), by Superintendent Elbert R. Curtis of the YMMIA and W. Cleon Skousen of Brigham Young University. Defini- tive answers on these divine laws are offered for more righteous living in this atomic age. $2.00 4 The Kingdom of God Restored carter e. grant A new approach to Church history is offered through recently discovered material presented here, which holds vital interest and importance to L.D.S. history students. The presentation is both lucid and unusual, and will appeal to all readers. $4.00 I fl()(((,fjWfll!M0 5. Commentary on the Book of Mormon Volume One GEORGE REYNOLDS AND JANNE M. SJODAHL This new book is an excellent commentary on the Book of Mormon from I Nephi to Omni. It serves as an excel- lent guide, and offers re- newed enthusiasm for scrip- tural reading. $5.00 OPEN A CONVENIENT 30-DAY CHARGE ACCOUNT ■v DESERET BOOK COMPANY 44 East South Temple Salt Lake City, Utah Gentlemen: Enclosed you will find { ) check ( ) money order ( to my account the following encircled (numbered) books. enclosed $ ) charge Amount 4 Name ... Address City Zone State.. i Residents of Utah include 2% sales tax. OCTOBER 1955 697 698 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA utumn R — Photograph by Leland Van Wagoner by Dorothy J. Roberts Highways banked above the water-bed, The dappled roads that necklace curve and shallow, Comfort his aging sight with aspen gold, Pooled on the slope and rivered in the hollow. Roads retrieve for him the gyre of trails; His younger step their slanting hush had taken: "A cinnamon of crushed leaf spiced the woods. . . . The stag could step and not a twig be broken." Ease the car between the amber glades; He lifts a field glass to his waning vision. While weave of fence denies him further hills, He funnels back through lens the distant autumn. Familiar forest ebbs into his heart, The silent cavern of its absence filling. The bird and bough are parted. All is mute Save the sound of leaves on the dark road falling. OCTOBER 1955 699 WE AWAKE FROM OCTOBER By Lael W. Hill all night the wind, gone mad with grief -f* And too much moon upon him, hurled The birds to southward; leaf by leaf Stripped down the willows of the world. All night the wind paced back and forth Tearing earth's garden calm to shreds- Flinging invectives from the north And biting off the zinnia heads. Now ragtag ends of autumn, hung Upon once proud sunflower stalks, Flaunt all our days; we are unstrung By broken ghosts of hollyhocks. FALLING OF THE YEAR By Catherine E. Berry rE last leaf sways on the empty elm, A lonely souvenir Of beauty that the springtime brought; This falling of the year Has gently put the earth to sleep, And harvested the leaves In golden carpets underfoot, Where autumn sunlight weaves A tracery of bronze to glow Until November's frost Has covered all the sleeping earth, And each gold leaf is lost. HOURGLASS By C. Cameron ]ohns Here where I walk at peacock-summer's end, Steps slowing to the pace of death's brown leaves, The brumal weather concurring with dark night Prepares a white shroud while reft nature grieves. Caught in the winds of the mind-sided seas, An abandoned husk swept toward reaching land, I seek for life's harvest, once gaily promised, My fingers grasping tightly at grains of sand. Is this the heritage of the dark river's flood, The only birthright the tempered heart has won, Or is it this flame bright as a new star Or the song, within me, as I near the sun? HARVEST GOLD By Eunice Buck ii, yes, I do remember when This lovely one made her debut! We named her Happy Springtime then — Our long-awaited wish come true. Today I see her tired and old, Making ready for her adieu — Now you can see she's Harvest Gold, And to our God let's say, "Thank You!" 700 TALL CANDLES BURNING By Inez Clark Thorson i few full moons ago white lilac plumes Stood like tall candles lighting up the dark, And here was heard at dawn's first flush the song Of robin and the silver-throated lark. But now this lane is shrouded in gray mist, The teeth of rust gnaw at the lilac hedge, And silence meets the day ... the songs are hushed, The singers flown to keep their autumn pledge. And yet a few moons hence along this way The lilac-candles once again will burn, And medleys will replace the quietude — The soaring lark . . . the robin will re- turn. BREAD IS THE THEME By Kathrya Kendall rE bins are full of tawny wheat When green-winged mallards fly, And the gray geese wedge their way again To a bluer, mellower sky. Yes, the bins are filled with harvest's boon, And all the birds are flown, But the mill entones a sweeter tune When Winter's snow is blown. Oh, it sings of life the whole day long For bread is the theme of its lovely song. OCTOBER ORCHARD By Eleanor Alletta Chaffee rE old trees sigh and shrug bent shoul- ders; lean Carelessly on the stone wall where the light Drains slowly from the crimson-patterned green, And I can hear them in the frosty night Whispering to each other, sunk knee-deep In trampled grass still fragrant with the smell Of apples. Somehow orchards seem to keep Reluctant summer longest, knowing well How long the time between two springs. And so The dark is laced with sound; although the birds Have traced for days the way that they must go And now are silent, yet small muttered words Rise from the weathered figures on the slope Still fragrant with the scent of ancient hope. BEWARE! By Eloise Wade Hackett IRATES rove >the sky lanes — bold winds, out to plunder October's fleet of its golden treasure. AUTUMN MAGIC By Katherine Berle Stains he woods in summer green enfold my view ' And bear me up to tranquil heights that fill My mind with lazy dreams. Without a new Horizon, how I drift along until My outer soul begins to fade away To nothing! All at once an autumn tree, Newly crimsoned, upsets my idle day And stabs my view with bright reality. Not soon, but soon enough, the autumn claims A place upon the scene of life, and when It stirs us from lethargic ways, it aims To freshen up our lives that we again May breathe. And, as the golden tones mature, They glow to make the green-of-youth ob- scure. AUTUMN INTERIM By Beulah Huish Sadleir £«ould I merely say it is fall again 0 And murmur to myself the words we spoke Each time we met? 1 wander through the canyon's flaming depths And feel the last sensuous vibrations of The summer's breath. I follow the tumbling stream through Brush and thicket, Realizing that mountain trails were Never meant for one. SUMMER TO TASTE By ]ane Merchant rE best of summer's flavors, rich and good, Is the surprise of a ripe peach's tang — Always surprise, since no one ever could Remember, winter-long, the tingling pang Of happiness a peach's piquant sweetness Yields eagerly to the first eager bite, Filling one with a sovereign completeness Of unembittered, unalloyed delight. The Sunday School picnicking innocence Of strawberry ice cream, and cantaloupe's Bland suavity, have generous excellence, With watermelon's crispness; but my hopes Of summer bliss are best fulfilled by each Slow bite I take of a sun-ripened peach. OCTOBER By Alfred Cecil Baker ctober sidled in today: A turquoise noise, the Milky Way; Summer in her last embrace Of amber arms and golden face. An interlude that knows not care, A symphony of earth and air: From cloud aloft to mellow sod October is the breath of God. THE IMPROVEMENT ERA >:x2s3s>^>^>^£n3;Gn5;ov^^ A Lesson In Reverence by President David O. McKay The dictionary definition of reverence is "Honor or respect felt or manifested; deference. Pro- found respect mingled with love and awe." But in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the word means much more. Reverence embraces regard, deference, honor, and esteem. Without some degree of it, therefore, there would be no courtesy, no gentility, no con- sideration of others' feelings or of others' rights. It is a fundamental virtue in religion. "Reverence is one of the signs of strength; irreverence one of the surest indications of weakness. No man will rise high who jeers at sacred things." Reverence, as charity, should begin at home. In early childhood, children should learn to be respectful, deferential, reverent — respectful to one another, to strangers and visitors, deferential to the aged and infirm — reverent to things sacred, to parents and parental love. No true psychologist will say that a child should grow up without a con- sciousness that in the home and in the presence of others, there are bounds and limitations to his activities, desires, and tantrums. "Train up a child in the way he should go: and when he is old, he will not depart from-it" (Proverbs 22:6) is an admonition full of sound philosophy. Training in the home reflects itself in the pub- lic behavior, of young men and women, for ex- ample, in church. Churches are dedicated and set apart as houses of worship. This means, of course, that all who enter do so, or at least pretend to do so, with an intent to get nearer the presence of the Lord than they can in the street or amidst the worries of a workaday life. In other words, we go to the Lord's house to meet him and to commune with him in the spirit. Whether such a place of meet- ing be a humble chapel or a "poem in architec- ture" built of white marble and inlaid with precious stones, makes little or no difference in our approach and attitude toward the "Infinite Presence." To know he is there should be suffi- cient to impel us to conduct ourselves as ladies and gentlemen. One of the best lessons I ever received in my life with respect to reverence for God's church (I use "church" in this sense as "chapel") I re- ceived many years ago when I visited Brigham City, Utah. I was then general superintendent of the Sunday Schools of the Church, and we were holding a Sunday School conference in Brigham City. The stake superintendent of the Sunday Schools and I approached the building early. Just before we turned through the gate we saw the bishop of the ward approaching us. The stake superintendent said, "Here comes the bishop of the ward. He is always the first one in the chapel on Sunday morning." As we entered the chapel, I said to him in a rather loud voice, "Bishop, I have just heard a compliment for you. Superintendent Hoopes just told me you are always the first one in the chapel on Sunday morning. I want to compliment you on your true leadership and your worthy example of punctuality." When he answered me, he an- swered in a subdued tone, "Yes, I try to be here early." The next time I spoke in that building, my voice was subdued, also. Then I noticed when others came in, though the meeting had not be- gun, that they, too, spoke in subdued tones. I made inquiry as to the reason for their speaking in a low tone, and I was told that when the build- ing was dedicated the bishopric of the ward, the ward teachers, and the quorum presidencies all (Concluded on following page) <SCNCv{7\G>£Vry^CNCV7JGX^ OCTOBER 1955 701 THE EDITORS PAGE (Concluded from preceding page) met together and decided that whenever they entered the building, they would move and speak reverently. I was interested to observe that when the children entered Sunday School they, too, had a reverential attitude, and so did their fathers and mothers. Reverence should be manifest in sacrament meetings, in MIA, and in the meetings of all the other auxiliaries of the Church. This is a missionary Church. People come here for light and knowledge, for instruction, and they have a right to find it when they come. A prayerful heart will do much to bring reverence into our lives. Our individual and family prayers, and those said in church, will bring us closer to our Heavenly Father, and build our honor and respect for him and for the things which he asks us to hold sacred. mm- ,.: ■■■ ■■ . ■ ■■: ■;■■ . by Joseph Fielding Smith PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL OF THE TWELVE ■ ^SiS^Solw^sSSS' ISJftSSS^iSsW:::: How Was Lehi a Descendant of the Jews? J "Will you kindly answer a question for our Sunday School class? In 1 Nephi 5:14, we are informed that Lehi was a descendant of Joseph, and in 2 Nephi 30:4, it states that the Nephites were descendants of the Jews. Since the Jews were de- scendants of Judah, how can these statements he har- monized?" It is true that Lehi and his family were descendants of Joseph through the lineage of Manasseh (Alma 10:3), and Ishmael was a descendant of Ephraim, according to the statement of the Prophet Joseph Smith. That the Nephites were descendants of Joseph is in fulfilment of the blessings given to Joseph by his father Israel. The Nephites were of the Jews, not so much by descent as by citizenship, although in the long descent from Jacob, it could be possible of some mixing of the tribes by intermarriage. It should be remembered that in the days of Rehoboam, son of Solomon, ten of the twelve tribes of Israel re- volted and were known as the kingdom of Israel from that time on until they were carried away into Assyria. The other two tribes of Judah and Benjamin remained loyal to Rehoboam and were known as the kingdom of Judah. Lehi was a citizen of Jerusalem, in the king- dom of Judah. Presumably his family had lived there for several generations, and all of the inhabitants of the kingdom of Judah, no matter which tribe they had de- scended through, were known as Jews. The condition is comparable to conditions today, for example: Many members of the Church have been gathered out of England, Germany, the Scandinavian countries, and other foreign lands. Coming to this country they have take out citizenship papers, and then they and their descendants are known as Americans, being citizens 702 of this country. There is also a comparable example in the case of Paul the apostle. When he was arrested on complaint of the Jews, the chief captain mistook him for an Egyptian who had created a rebellion, and Paul said to the captain, "... I am a man which am a Jew of Tarsus, a city in Cilicia, a citizen of no mean city: and, I beseech thee, suffer me to speak unto the people." When the privilege was granted, Paul spoke to the angry Jews and said: "I am verily a man which am a Jew, born in Tarsus, a city in Cilicia, yet brought up in this city at the feet of Gamaliel, and taught according to the perfect manner of the law of the fathers, and was zealous toward God, as ye all are this day." (Acts 21:37- 39, and Acts 22:3.) In writing his epistles to the Roman saints and also to the saints at Philippi, Paul said: ". . . For I also am an Israelite, of the seed of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin." (Romans 11:1, and Philip- pians 3:5.) Not only in the Book of Mormon are the descendants of Lehi called Jews, but also in the Doctrine and Cove- nants. In section 19, verse 27, this is found: "Which is my word to the Gentile, that soon it may go to the Jew, of whom the Lamanites are a remnant, that they may believe the gospel, and look not for a Messiah to come who has already come." Again, in giving instruc- tion to the elders who had journeyed from Kirtland to Missouri, the Lord revealed the place for the building of the temple and gave instruction for the purchase of land "lying westward, even unto the line running directly between Jew and Gentile." (Section 57:4.) This line westward was the dividing line between the whites and Indians. THE IMPROVEMENT ERA President Joseph Fielding Smith Visits the Far East resident Joseph Fielding Smith of priesthood. One of the purposes of Pthe Council of the Twelve has recently returned from a tour of the Far East. Leaving Salt Lake City July 7, with Sister Smith and Presi- dent Herald Grant Heaton of the Southern Far East Mission, and his family, President Smith spent the seventy-ninth anniversary of his birth, July 19, aboard the ocean liner Presi- dent Wilson in mid-Pacific. After his arrival in Japan, July 26, there was a succession of conferences — missionary, MIA, district, and his tour was to create two missions — the Northern Far East and the South- ern Far East — from the present Japanese Mission. President Hilton President and Sister Joseph Fielding Smith join President and Sister Hilton A. Robert- son, formerly of the Japanese Mission, now presiding over the Northern Far East Mis- sion, and President and Sister H. Grant Heaton of the Southern Far East Mission in the mission home in Tokyo. — Photos by Lijle B. Leatham A. Robertson will continue to preside in the Northern Far East Mission. Leaving Japan, President Smith's first stop was Korea, where he dedicated that land for the preaching of the restored gospel, August 2. President and Sister Smith had a very busy schedule, visiting, counsel- ing and strengthening servicemen and members in such places as Seoul and Pusan, Korea; Tokyo and Hokkaido on a second visit to Japan; Okinawa, Formosa, Hong Kong; Manila and Clark Field in the Philippines; Guam, and finally Hawaii, where they at- tended the quarterly conference of the Oahu Stake August 27 and 28. Here President Smith was joined by Elder Adam S. Bennion in creating the new Honolulu Stake. Later President and Sister Smith returned home by air liner. The following account was written by an LDS serviceman, Lyle B. Leatham, then stationed in Japan. (Continued on page 765) President Joseph Fielding Smith of the Council of the Twelve addressing the con- ference, July 31, 1955. (above) President Smith greets Clark Doxey of the Ogden (Utah) Nineteenth Ward, Dennis Goodrich of Tridell, Utah, and David B. Harmon, Jr., of Salt Lake City. OCTOBER 1955 703 D. i^ertE Mo -Mamie eUA by George A. Boyce A wagon pulled by a team of horses moved slowly down the dusty road. It was a rickety, weather-beaten wagon, and the fluted ribs of the for* lorn horses stuck sharply through their lean hides. The driver was an old man who wore his black hat in that ridiculous-looking way that old Nava- jos do — set high on his head with no tilt to the hat, no curl to the wide flat brim, and no dent in the high crown. It seemed to rest on top of the large lump of long black hair that was tied at the back of his neck like a figure of eight. Clothed in an old maroon shirt of cheap material, open at the collar, and blue jeans with plain wide belt, he was obviously poor. But his long face was calm. And the steady gaze of his eyes, marked by an arrow of creases radiating from the corners because of long squinting in the bright sun, conveyed the utmost dignity with ^MUSO-C^L humility. It was a pleasant face to look upon. Alongside him sat a boy with virgin clean white-and-blue striped T-shirt, rumpled from the bundle it had just come out of. Around the collarless neck was a long yellow necktie where no necktie belonged, adding to the incongruous appearance of the spec- tacle— old man and young boy, rickety wagon, half-dead horses! But the old man was excited and happy. He could count three genera- tions of waiting for this event, and his mind was full of silent musings. "Both of us orphans," he was thinking as he looked down at the boy. "Your father, who was my son, went to fight against Big Eyes and is gone out there. And my father, The Limper, was murdered. Now you are around ten plantings old, as I recall, Little Grandson. You will be the first of us to go to the government for an education, and I am happy." Some of The People do not care about an educa- tion. As for myself, he I was thinking, when a white man talks to me, I can only shuffle my feef. I do not know what he is saying, and that makes me sad. We must lift the curtain for our young ones. Our hope is in them. That is the way I look at Education. They had started at dawn when -the air was in a deep chill that pene- trated their thin clothes, and their stomachs had been fortified with only a few tortillas. But cold and hunger were never part of their conversation. That is just the way it is. And it would take them till afternoon, across many gullies and washes, and over the mesas, and down through the valleys to reach the school 704 Now the sun was out warm and strong, and the old man was thinking of the things his maternal uncle had told him during the long winter nights when he too had no father, and he too was young like Little Grandson. According to my uncle, he was .ihinking, my father was born shortly after the People-Who-Came-From- T he -P 1 a c e- Where- White-Men -First- Came-From arrived suddenly in our midst. Nowadays those people are known as Anglos — or just white peo- ple. Before that there were only Mexicans and Pueblos and Apaches and Utes around us. There was no Medicine Man to help my mother, so my father's hip was hurt when he was born. That is why they called him He-Who-Limps or simply The Limper. After my people came back from camp at Fort Sumner, my uncle told me, Little Limper's father had great hope in the Treaty. The government gave them six sheep for his family and some seed for corn. The white man's war chief said there would be no more sheep. The people must save the sheep, otherwise they would be destitute again. My father's people were very grateful. There was drouth, and the corn did not grow, but they did not eat the sheep even though they were hungry and without other food. They had to keep moving about to keep from starving. Little Limper's mother and sisters would go looking for edi- ble seeds. They did not dare go far for fear of the Mexicans and the Utes. The Mexicans took women and children for slaves. Limper and his father would try to trap some animals for meat. Game was scarce, and there were only lit- tle animals like prairie dogs, mice, and rats, chipmunks, and only a few rabbits. Generally they came back without any game. Children today do not know about trapping like the old people, the old man thought, as THE IMPROVEMENT ERA The driver was an old man who wore his black hat in that ridiculous-looking way that old Navajos do. . . . Along side of him sat a boy with virgin-clean white-and-blue striped T-Shirt. he looked down- at his young grand- son alongside him. Then the wagon lurched, and Little Grandson brushed against him. "Grandfather," the boy said, "will there be sheep for me?" "No, Little Grandson, there will be no sheep," he said sadly as he looked out over the barren sands. "There is stock reduction now. Only a few of The People can have sheep. And there is conservation, so no one can have enough sheep. It is the law of the land to have only a few sheep today. You must get an education and learn another way of living." A s the wagon moved slowly along, ■^*- the old man began to think too of his own beginning. A faint smile passed his lips as he thought of his birth certificate, and how he had been told of having been born in great haste. It happened on a night there was a heavy snowfall. His father and OCTOBER 1955 mother were always moving about in those days. They were coming down out of the mountain for the winter and stopped to camp for the night. They were so proud to have a child again that they killed one of the precious sheep for a good meal. On the next day they started to move again. They had to go on foot in those days, and his mother walked as far as all the others through the snow after the night of his birth. It is not wise to get caught in the snow in the mountains. They had to push on so hurriedly that he was called Little No-Name. Except in the mountains there was drouth and not enough grass for even a small band of sheep. There was drouth for three years. There have been many years of drouth altogether. His father's clothes were ragged and thin because there was not enough wool for weaving clothes for all the family. At night his father and mother kept him between them for warmth. There was no corn anywhere, or beans or squash or anything. My mother could not feed me, and I be- came very sick. They thought their last child was going to die. "No-Name is sick because he is starving," my mother said and began to weep. "We must have meat if he is to live." That is when No-Name's father went south to the railroad lands in search of food. The old man glanced up for a mo- ment and noticed a dark cloud form- ing. They would get wet, and it disturbed him. He hoped they would be dried out before they reached the school. "At the school you will learn many things, Little Grandson," the old man said quietly. "You will learn about the railroad, maybe." Then he lapsed into a long silence again, thinking about the things that Little Grandson would never learn at the school about that railroad. (Continued on following page) 705 LITTLE NO-NAME'S GRANDSON (Continued from preceding page) They were things his uncle had told him. The railroad came before I was born, he was thinking. It was the Great Atlantic and Pacific Railroad, and it was off the reservation. But there were no markers to indicate where the reservation was. The land for thirty miles on each side of the railroad was given to white people, it is said, though many Navajo people lived there. The Mexicans and white people would chase the Navajos and try to run them off. The Navajo people were chased wherever they went, it seemed. The Indian Agent at Fort Defiance tried to get help for The People. He wrote many letters to "Washingdone," it is said, telling how the Navajo people were starving. The white peo- ple look to their government, but our people could only look to the moun- tains. The Indian Agent did not get enough help from the government for us. He got only $7500.00 for a whole year for everything on the reservation. That is why the Navajo people wandered over the railroad lands in search of food. It was about this time that my father thought I was going to die and he became desperate. That is the day my father. . . . T^hey were passing White Mesa to ■*• the south, and the old man could vividly picture his father climbing up the side of that mesa. His father's moccasins were thin, and because of his limp he had to crawl much of the way. His hands were cut from the sharp stones. All day he had to crawl through the mountain-rose thorns and other brush. He had to be careful not to be seen by white men or Navajo policemen riding around. His legs were bleeding, and his feet and knees were swollen. On the south edge of the mesa he peered over and saw some cattle with some calves. He was exhausted from thirst, but he did not dare go down near the cattle or into the wash until after dark. He just lay there and rested. Then he crawled down to the wash and found some water. He drank only a little, knowing the danger after prolonged thirst. But even that small amount made him sick. After- wards he was able to drink a little 706 again. Then he crawled close to where he had seen one of the calves. He got very close to it and seized it in his arms. My father became very frightened as it started bawling loudly. Quickly he cut its throat with his knife. While the calf was still kicking, Limper drank some of the blood and got strength from it. He could not save the blood, for he had nothing to catch it in. In the dark he started to carry back as much meat as he could. When it began to get light, he had to lie in hiding all that day. He did not dare build a fire for fear he would be dis- covered. The old man was so deep in thought that Little Grandson's voice startled him. "All is beauty on White Mesa," he said. "Yes, Little Grandson, all is beauty," the old man answered, but there was a great lump in his throat. He was thinking of the horror of that day for his mother and for his father who had saved his life. The old man's head slumped and his shoulders were hunched. He was thinking how his father returned to his hogan that day. Two men had appeared, coming towards the hogan on horses. They were Navajo po- licemen. As they drew near, his father recognized them as Walking- Hat and Bow-legs. At that time the Navajo police kept riding around vainly. They did not know what to do, for the railroad officals kept com- plaining about the Navajo people. Walking-Hat drove the horses over to the corral as Bow-legs got off and walked up to The Limper. "I see you have fresh meat, Limp- er," Bow-Legs said, but the Limper did not answer about that meat. "You are a witch," Bow-legs said. "Yes, you must be a witch. That is how the fresh meat came to the hogan, from a witch." The Limper turned his back, then Bow-legs threw his arms around the Limper. Bow- legs thought my father was weak because of his crippled leg, but his arms were very strong. The Limper bent over quickly, grasping Bow-legs securely, and threw him up over his back. Bow-legs turned a somersault in the air and came down on his back. Then he drew out his knife, but the Limper quickly fell on him and hit him in the face with a rock. Blood streamed down Bow-legs' face and out of his mouth, and he let go. The Limper started to run, but he got only a little way. He could not run fast. Walking-Hat came run- ning around the hogan and lifted his gun and shot my father. My mother was sobbing and ran to pick him up, but the bullet had gone right through him. Later when Bow-legs recovered, he told everyone that my father was a witch because he had supernatural strength. Bow-legs made up that story because the railroad officials were complaining, and he did not know what to do. They murdered my father, but after that I was al- ways referred to as Son of Former Witch. That made some people think that I was a witch maybe. A s the wagon reached a turn in the -^*- road, White Mesa was left be- hind them, and the old man leaned back to rest himself. "The past is now behind us," he said. "We must look ahead to the future, I think." "Yes, Grandfather," the boy said, "it is good to look ahead. I am hap- py to go to the school." Then the rain came, and they pulled a blanket up around their shoulders and drew their heads down tight on their necks. As they drove into the school grounds, the inter- preter was standing just inside the door. They tied the team to the fence and hurried inside, looking wet and bedraggled, but still composed with dignity. Moving slowly and quietly, they followed the interpreter down the hallway where the teacher was starting to lock the door of the empty classroom. He looked as though he wanted to hurry, but the old man sat down and indicated he would stav until he had told what he had come to say. As he finished the story of what he had been thinking— of the fighting and the hunger, and the murder of his father, and about the sheep, and conservation and all the other things — the teacher glanced at the clock. He appeared to be impatient. He said that the past is behind us, that we must look to the future. "That is good," said the wise old man, and looked around the room. (Continued on page 742) THE IMPROVEMENT ERA — A Three Lions Photo Painting of "Christ at Bethany" by Bauermeister. The Other Side of the Equation by Esther Freshman The problems of human relation- ships are very much before us in our daily living. One of the great- est pitfalls, one of the most delaying actions slowing us in our progress, is our failure to consider all the factors in making our evaluations, in form- ing our opinions about our fellow men. Probably the most beautiful and effective way that God teaches us is through man himself. I have been particularly blessed in the friendship of a. man who lives very closely at all times to his Creator. This friend has dedicated his life to the service of humanity. He is very beloved by those who know him. His work takes him among all types of people. It takes him into various homes, and he enters these homes usually at times of emergency, often times of catastrophe, when both the home and the dwellers are exposed without that protective sheathing that most of us are apt to have on when we expect outsiders — a sort of "company best" front. Not only into the heart of the home does my friend go, but often he must also go deep within the being of the individual. He sees the indi- OCTOBER 1955 vidual in times of crisis, in times of great need, in times of despair and discouragement, in times when the in- dividual is facing the consequences of errors he has made. My friend is more apt to be exposed to the raw material than the finished product. Yet, never have I known a man to have such complete faith in humanity. Never have I known a man to keep before himself so steadfastly the perfect image of man as he wants to be. My friend keeps the candles of faith alight everlastingly, and when- ever someone is in the darkness of despair, he may look into this man's eyes and see reflected there the can- dle of his faith burning brightly. I have never known him to "give up" so far as his faith in an indi- vidual is concerned. His vision is fixed on the good. My friend has a special expression that he uses. He always says: "Now let me tell you the other side of the equation. . . ." The other evening a group of us were talking about a prominent actor. A great deal of unsavory and un- complimentary comment had been in the newspapers about this person, and most of us in the group were adding our particular tidbits of un- flattering information. My friend listened attentively, and then very quietly he broke in, saying: "Now let me tell you the other side of the equation." And he told us a story of a magnificent good that had been performed by this very man we had been quite willing to condemn. Amazingly, the good had been per- formed to one of our own circle of friends. Through the courtesy of this maligned actor, a man we all knew who had walked so long in dis- couragement, so long soul hungry and body hungry, had been given a job — a work of great dignity, suitable to his prestige and education and train- ing. This actor we were so willing, so eager to judge badly, had seen the good in our discouraged friend, had had faith in him, and had invested his own trust, his own finances in him. This man who makes the equation come out right sees things in their true perspective. He sees the good side. He balances the equation ac- cording to the law of good — the law of love. My friend perpetually sees this other, or to put it more accurately, he always sees the others side. 707 TVo Views of Church Hislory by Dr. Hugh Nibley BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Part IV One Act or Three? — Few histori- ans at the present time will main- tain that the Christian church today is the result of a smooth and unbroken transmission of institutions and doctrines without change or shad- ow of change since the days of the Apostles. Since no one doubts the necessity and convenience of making certain major divisions in church his- tory, we would strongly urge that the most meaningful and logical division is that so clearly indicated by the New Testament itself. To accept those clearly marked periods of (1) revela- tion, (2) darkness, and (3) resto- ration, however, is to reject the whole conventional concept of church his- tory as one long unbroken, irresistible victory campaign. Yet even conventional church his- tory is now being forced to spoil the simplicity of the accepted plot of the growing admission that the early church was something very special. It would be hard to find a history of the church that does not honor the "primitive church" with a section all of its own; but of recent years the uniqueness and peculiarities of that church have become objects of the most intense research, which is show- ing more and more how totally dif- ferent the original Church of Christ was from any of the churches claim- ing to be derived from it or from any of the ideas which scholars have hitherto entertained concerning it. The term "primitive church" is it- self revealing. The early Christians, far from thinking of themselves as primitive, tell us often that they are living at the end of an aeon in a world ripe for destruction. Though they lived by prophecy, no allowances or provisions were made by them for greater refinements or improvements in their own institution in the years ahead. The church of the Apostles was ready for the end, coming as it did at "the end of the aeon," not at the beginning of a long period of progress. 708 Still the designation and idea of a "primitive church" are necessary to later generations both as a salve to conscience (this is very clear in Chrysostom) and a sop to vanity (equally ditto in Jerome), for if the glaring differences between the orig- inal and the later churches could not be denied, they would have to be explained; and the only explanation that could save the face of Christian- ity— let alone make it look good — was that which decided with patron- izing indulgence that the early church was just "primitive" and its disappearance a necessary and in- evitable phase in the growth and progress of an institution. The folly and vanity of a theory that looks upon the church of the Apostles with patronizing superiority and glories in the irrelevant and highly suspect virtues of size and sophistication as proofs of progress, needs no comment. A basic lack of conviction in the argument may be seen in desperate attempts to dress the primitive church up to look like modern churches; serious students know better, of course, but that does not keep the producers of movies and television from assuring the general public that the church really has changed hardly at all, and showing, to prove it, ancient Apostles dressed up as eighth-century bishops or mouthing the sentimental common- places of the schools through the whiskers and robes of traveling soph- ists. But looking behind such flimsy tricks, we find that earnest investiga- tors of church history, Catholic and Protestant alike, are discovering as it were for the first time the great gulf that lies between the ancient church and conventional Christianity, and being surprisingly frank in their com- ments. More and more they are forc- ing themselves also to face up to the dark interval of the second act, though most of them still cling desperately to the old rewrite interpretations of "Advance through Storm," "Strug- gle and Progress," "The Certain Vic- tory," etc. This interpretation so deranges the plot that the third act must either be dropped out entirely or completely rewritten: naturally we can't have a "restitution of all things" if all things have been carefully preserved and steadily improved through the cen- turies. And so we have the third and final act, the great culminating events of world history, studiously effaced by church historians: what we have to reckon with, we are now told, was a "spiritual" second coming which has already taken place; it was "the Easter experience," some suggest — Pentecost, according to oth- ers; it was all a mistake, a tragic miscalculation, according to another school; it is fulfilled in the Real Pres- ence, to follow another; others have maintained that since the crucifixion was the supreme event of all time, all that followed was mere anticlimax; others have made the second coming a mystical experience. And so they go: whatever it is, that third act, as we have called it, is not the great event predicted by the scriptures. Acts two and three are out! What, then, did happen after the Apostles? Do we have reliable re- ports for the years following? Was it all bad? How did the Christians continue to think of the world and their position in it? Did they ex- pect the lights to go out? Were they surprised when they did? Were they disappointed when the Lord failed to come? Did they believe that what was happening actually was the end? Such questions are the special food of church history in our day. The mere fact that they are being asked now as never before is an invitation THE IMPROVEMENT ERA — Photo by Camera Clix from the painting Crucifixion of Peter by Reni Gitido With the removal of the apostles, there came a long period of darkness, ending with the restoration of the gospel. to Latter-day Saints to enter the dis- cussion which seems at last to be turning to their own point of view. The history of the church is not a one-act play, a single, long, pro- tracted happy ending from start to finish, with a baffled and frustrated villain vainly trying to score a telling point against a cause that is always assured of success and never in any real danger. Yet such a fantastically wishful and unreal plot is the only alternative to the one set forth in OCTOBER 1955 the Bible which places the happy end- ing at the end — "when his glory shall be revealed and all made glad" — with a time of heaviness preceding it, during which the prince of this world holds sway and all the prom- ised glories to come are forgotten in a tragic preoccupation with the things which please men. The story of the church is unfolded not in one act but three. This is not the discovery of modern scholars or the private hypothesis of Latter-day Saints — through the centuries the church fathers have been aware of it, and it has worried them a great deal. It is very im- portant to understand that the fate of God's people on earth, specifically, the course of "the church" through the ages (for the idea of "the church" is a very ancient one) has been a sub- ject of vital concern to certain men in every period of history. From the most ancient prophets to the latest monograph, men have not ceased talking and speculating on this theme. As the Lord was not the first prophet sent into the vineyard, neither was his Church without prece- dent in the world. Church history does not begin suddenly one day in Palestine, any more than the story of the redemption begins with cer- tain shepherds watching their flocks. The mighty drama goes back to the very beginning and leaves its mark in the documents of every age. It is a far bigger thing than the seminar- ists and schoolmen realize. Tn the preceding articles we first in- ■*- dicated the strong and undeniable bias which has controlled the writing of conventional church history since the days of Eusebius. Next we of- fered a brief preliminary sketch, based on the New Testament, of another view of church history. That view may be thus briefly summed up: the original followers of Christ sought their reward and placed all their hopes in the other world and the re- turn of the Lord in judgment, be- lieving that as far as this world is concerned the work of the church would not prosper but soon come to a close, being followed by a long time of darkness that would end only with the restoration of all things in preparation for the coming of the Lord. Such in barest outline is the substance of "the other view" of church history. It will be readily admitted that it is not the conven- tional view, and it remains for us now to show from the early sources that it most certainly was the true authentic view of church history held by the members of the Early Church in Apostolic times and after. We shall also show the present trend among students of church history to- wards the recognition of glaring de- fects in the conventional picture and increasing awareness of the existence and the validity of the earlier con- cept. (To he continued) 709 Timeless Principles of Family Relationships by Victor A. Christopherson Iet that man who intends to be- come a husband, seek first the kingdom of God and its righteous- ness, and learn to govern himself according to the law of God; for he that cannot govern himself, cannot govern others." (Cited in Scrapbook of Mormon Literature 1:453.) This counsel is as wise and ap- plicable today as when set forth by Elder Orson Pratt in 1854, a century ago. In his writings, Elder Pratt set forth and elaborated upon some time- less principles of child rearing and family relationships. Many of the ideas that Elder Pratt expressed can be found today in college textbooks, written by authorities on family re- lationships. Indeed, the degree of compatibility and harmony between the century-old writing and some modern-day ideas is striking. Some of Elder Pratt's statements could, perhaps, be better expressed for people today in contemporary ter- minology, but the implied principles very likely would remain the same. For example, Elder Pratt wrote: "Let each mother commence with her children when young, not only to teach and instruct them, but to chasten and bring them into the most perfect subjection; for then is the time when they are most easily conquered, and their tender minds are the most susceptible of influence and govern- ment." (Ibid., 1:454.) It seems rather likely that the pres- ent-day equivalents of the words subjection and conquered, might be co-operation and trained, respectively. Among the Latter-day Saints, the family plays a vital role. The im- portance of the family and marriage in both time and eternity is stressed. One of the loftiest aspirations of man, exaltation, depends in large measure upon the existence and quality of family organization. In eternity, families will assume an increasingly wonderful and meaningful signifi- cance. In light of the theological emphasis upon the family, it seems less surprising that a century ago Elder Orson Pratt and others were able to write and comment on family 710 relationships with such timeless in- sight and understanding. One of the main points of issue that psychologists take with the prac- tice of corporal punishment in disci- plining children is that very often the spanking relieves the feelings of the parent while merely adding to the misery of the child, particularly when such punishment is administered in anger. Elder Pratt's concern over the child's welfare is very clearly and soundly stated. It is all the more in- teresting considering the fact that, at the time of his writing, the philosophy in vogue was that children were to be seen and not heard, and should they have the impudence to manifest oc- casional independence of thought or action, as all children at times do, a good sound spanking was the ever handy remedy. Elder Pratt wrote: "Do not correct children in anger. An angry parent is not as well pre- pared to judge the amount of punish- ment which should be inflicted upon the child as one that is more cool and exercised with reflection, reason, and judgment. Let your children see you punish them, not to gratify an angry disposition . . . but as one that seeks their welfare. ... Be deliberate and calm in your counsels and reproofs, but at the same time use earnestness and decision." (Ibid., 1:455.) These are words that many parents could heed to good advantage. One of the major objectives of leaders in child development and fam- ily relationships is to help parents and students recognize and appreciate the level of development of the child and individual differences among children. It is only when these two factors are well understood that the family can realize its optimum in de- velopment and good relationships. To expect more of children than their developmental age or native abilities enables them to produce, is to en- courage nervousness and feeling of inferiority. This point did not escape Elder Pratt, indeed, he very succintly pointed out the close relationship be- (Continued on page 747) Sgj^^v^^^SgK — A Lambert Photo Govern children as parents and not as tyrants; for they will be parents in their turn and will be very likely to adopt that form of government in which they have been educated. THE IMPROVEMENT ERA imHBilii RICHES AT YOUR FEET by Ezra J. Pouhen "':' ■ ;:: .;: — Harold M. Lambert Studios The garden may consist of a few square rods in the backyard or it may include an area up to an acre or more. If you want to be rich in material and spiritual values alike, get hold of a piece of the good earth and make it produce. This is an answer to high prices, high taxes, and the rising threat of insecurity. Besides, living close to the earth is to learn the ways of God. Though you may have overlooked the fact, as millions of others have done, a home garden, pouring its vegetables and fruits together with the many dainties derived from them into the storage bins and on the table, has been a basic factor in helping many families rise to a position of relative wealth and affluence, in ad- OCTOBER 1955 dition to brightening the individual virtues so important in Christian fellowship. As a boy, I learned through the family grapevine about Harry Harker who, in addition to being a leader in the Church, frequently lent money to many people in the community who were glad to give him a fair interest. Harry was a quiet sort of person, working around at ordinary jobs. There seemed to be no reason why he should have more financial assets than anyone else, but on rare occa- sions he revealed the secret of his success. "When 1 was married," he ex- plained with a sly twinkle, "I said to Martha, 'Now, Honey, would you like a big house and no garden or a little house with a garden?' : Martha replied, "I'll take the little house with a garden." The Harkers worked thriftily on their little pro- duction project, and soon their vege- tables and fruit trees grew so abun- dantly you could hardly see the tiny house from the road. With an ade- quate food supply at his very door, Harry had no trouble saving a good portion of his earnings, and as the little Harkers came along, each learned to contribute his share of effort to the undertaking. In general, the Harkers had the best of every- thing. Always debt free, they had a safe margin in their favor. They were also the first to help others when such help was needed. HPhe garden may consist of a few *■ square rods in the backyard or it may include an area up to an acre or more. The advantage of the larger lot lies in the fact that it furnishes ample space to branch out into the many different fruit trees such as apple, pear, peach, and plum, to- gether with several types of bush fruits. These make a year-round menu when properly processed by home canning. Good soil and water are necessary. Most soil, however, can be brought into good shape for gardening with- in a few seasons by the application of manure, leaves, and other organic matter. Sometimes it pays to use (Continued on page 740) 711 Solomon Mack and His Family PART 2 by Archibald F. Bennett SECRETARY, GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY *m^£Mmmm&m With rangers in front, followed by provincials and regulars (in solid red masses), the English pushed forward to the assault. Across the rough ground, with its maze of fallen trees . . . , they could see the top of the breastwork, but not the men behind it; when, in an instant, all the line was obscured by a gush of smoke, a crash of exploding fire-arms tore the air, and grape- shot and musket-balls* swept the whole space like a tempest. . . .The English had been ordered to carry the works with the bayonet; but their ranks were broken by the obstruc- tions through which they struggled in vain to force their way, and they soon began to fire in turn. The storm raged in full fury for an hour. The assailants pushed close to the breastwork; but there they were stopped by the bristling mass of sharpened branches, which they could not pass under the mur- derous cross-fires that swept them from front and flank. At length they fell back, ex- claiming that the works were impregnable. Abercrombie, who was . . . a mile and a half in the rear, sent orders to attack again, and again they came on as before. The scene was frightful: masses of infuri- ated men who could not go forward and would not go back; straining for an enemy they could not reach, and firing on an enemy they could not see; caught in the en- tanglement of fallen trees; tripped by briers, stumbling over logs, tearing through boughs; shouting, yelling, cursing, and pelted all the while with bullets that killed them by scores, stretched them on the ground, or hung them on jagged branches in strange attitudes of death. The provincials supported the regu- lars with spirit, and some of them forced their way to the foot of the wooden wall. ... As twilight came on, the last com- batant withdrew, and none were left but the dead. Abercrombie had lost in killed, wounded, and missing, nineteen hundred and forty-four officers and men.20 The morning after the battle the English re-embarked in haste, "and retreated to the head of the lake in a disorder and dejection wofully [sic] contrasted with the pomp of their advance. A gallant army was sacri- ficed by the blunders of its chief." "The army," wrote Solomon Mack, "returned back to Lake George." In a short time, on the eighth of August, he was in another dangerous fight. fc> o Montcalm, strongly reinforced, took 2°Parkman, op. cit., Vol. II, pp. 312-313, 317-318. 712 the offensive and sent out strong scouting parties by way of Wood Creek and South Bay to harass the English. A large scouting party of the enemy came round by Skeenesborough, at the half-way brook, and cut off a large number of our men and teams. One thousand of our men set out to go to Skeenesborough after the enemy, five hundred of them were sent back, and just as we got to South Bay the enemy got out of our reach. — the enemy went to Ticonderoga & got recruited, then they came after us. We scouted by Wood-Creek. On the 13th day (of August) we got to Fort Ann. The centery [sic] came and told me that the enemy was all around us. Major Putnam led out the party, Maj. Rogers bro't up the rear; marched in an Indian path three quarters of a mile — the Indians lay in a half-moon; Major Putnam went through their ranks; they fired upon us — Major Put- nam was taken and tied to a tree, and an Indian would have killed him had it not been for a French Lieut, who rescued his life — the enemy rose like a cloud and fired a volley upon us, and my being in front brought me into the rear — I turned little to the right — the tomahawks and bullets flying around my ears like hail stones, and as I was running, I saw a great wind fall little forward, which seemed impossible for me or any other man to mount, but over I went, and as I ran I looked little one side, where I saw a man wounded, (the Indians close to him) who immediately, with my help, got into the circle. Gershom Bowley (or Rowley) had nine bullets shot thro' his clothes and remained unhurt. Ensign Wor- cester had nine wounds, scalped and toma- hawked, who lived and got well. The battle commenced in the morning and continued until 3 o'clock, when they left us. We gathered our dead and wounded up in a ring; there was half of our men killed and wounded and taken, we sent to Fort Edward for relief to help carry our wounded, it being 80 in number, we made biers to carry them, many of whom died on the passage, the distance being 14 miles.21 This vivid account is good history. Again we find amplification in the account by Parkham: These (French scouting) parties, some of which consisted of several hundred men, were generally more or less successful; and one of them . . . surprised and destroyed a large wagon train escorted by forty soldiers. 21A Narrative of Solomon Mack, pp. 7-9. When Abercrombie heard of it, he ordered Rogers with a strong detachment of provin- cials, light infantry and rangers, to go down the lake in boats, cross the mountains to the narrow waters of Lake Champlain, and cut off the enemy. But though Rogers set out at two in the morning, the French re- treated so fast that he arrived too late. As he was on his way back, he was met by a messenger from the general with orders to intercept other French parties reported to be hovering about Fort Edward. On this he retraced his steps, marched through the forest . . . , and thence made his way up Wood Creek to old Fort Anne, a relic of former wars, abandoned and falling to de- cay. Here, on the neglected "clearing" that surrounded the ruin, his followers encamped. They counted seven hundred in all, and consisted of about eighty rangers, a body of Connecticut men under Major Putnam, and a small regular force, chiefly light in- fantry. . . . Up to this time Rogers had observed his usual caution, commanding silence on the march, and forbidding fires at night; but, seeing no signs of an enemy, he forgot himself; and on the following morning, the eighth of August, he and Lieutenant Irwin, of the light infantry, amused themselves by firing at a mark on a wager. The shots reached the ears of four hundred and fifty French and Indians, under the famous partisan Marin, who at once took steps to reconnoitre and ambuscade his rash enemy. For nearly a mile from the old fort the forest had formerly been cut down and burned; and Nature had now begun to reassert herself, covering the open tract with a dense growth of bushes and saplings al- most impervious to anything but a wild- cat, had it not been traversed by a narrow Indian path. Along this path the men were forced to march in single file. At about seven o'clock, when the two marksmen had decided their bet, and before the heavy dew of the night was dried upon the bushes, the party slung their packs and set out. Putnam was in the front with his Con- necticut men; Dalzell followed with the regulars; and Rogers, with his rangers, brought up the rear of the long and slender line. Putnam himself led the way, shoul- dering through the bushes, gun in hand; and just as the bluff yeoman emerged from them to enter the forest-growth beyond, the air was rent with yells, the thickets before him were filled with Indians, and one of them, a Caughnawaga chief, sprang upon him, hatchet in hand. He had time to cock his gun and snap it at the breast of his assailant; but it missed fire, and he was instantly seized and dragged back into the forest. . . . Then the firing began. The French and Indians, lying across the path THE IMPROVEMENT ERA Marlow, New Hampshire, home of Solomon and Lydia Mack — 1761-1773 in a semi-circle, had the advantage of posi- tion and surprise. The Connecticut men fell back among the bushes in disorder; but soon rallied, and held the enemy in check while Dalzell and Rogers — the latter of whom was nearly a mile behind — were strug- gling through briers and thickets to their aid. So close was the brushwood that it was a full half hour before they could get their followers ranged in some kind of order in front of the enemy; and even then each man was forced to fight for himself as best he could. . . . . . . The firing lasted about two hours. At length some of the Canadians gave way, and the rest of the French and Indians fol- lowed. . . . Rogers remained on the field and buried all his own dead, forty-nine in number. Then he resumed his march to Fort Edward, carrying the wounded on the litters of branches till the next day, when he met a detachment coming with wagons to his relief. A party sent out soon after for the purpose reported that they had found and buried more than a hundred French and Indians. . . . The adventures of the captured Putnam were sufficiently remarkable. The Indians, after dragging him to the rear, lashed him fast to a tree so that he could not move a limb, and a young savage amused himself by throwing a hatchet at his head, striking into the wood as close as possible to the mark without hitting it. . . . When the retreat began, the Indians hurried him along with them, stripped of coat, waistcoat, shoes, and stockings, his back burdened with as many packs of the wounded as could be piled upon it, and his wrists bound so tightly together that the pain became in- tense. In his torment he begged them to kill him; on which a French officer who was near persuaded them to untie his hands and take off some of the packs. . . . When they encamped at night, they prepared to burn him alive, stripped him naked, tied him to a tree, and gathered dry wood to pile about him. A sudden shower of rain interrupted their pastime; but when it was over they began again. ... As they were yelling and dancing their delight at the con- tortions with which he tried to avoid the rising flames, Marin (the French com- mander) , hearing what was going forward, broke through the crowd, and . . . dashed aside the burning brush, untied the prisoner, and angrily upbraided his tormentors.22 This agrees substantially with the account already given by Solomon Mack. Of his subsequent experiences after the fight at Ft. Anne, the latter wrote: I was almost beat out, but I went to Albany after stores and returned to the army. — From thence I went home, it being in the fall, and tarried through the winter.23 His discharge, as already stated, was dated Nov. 18, 1758. On Dec. 3, 1758 Solomon Mack paid 45 pounds to Daniel Beckwith for eight acres in the North Society of Lyme, adjoining the lot he had previously purchased.24 He became acquainted with an ac- complished young woman named Lydia Gates, who was a schoolteacher. She was the daughter of Deacon Daniel Gates, who was a man of wealth, living in the town of East Haddam, Connecticut. "To this young woman," he wrote, "I was married shortly after becoming ac- -•M Narrative of Solomon Mack, p. 9. ^Lyme Deeds, Vol. 10, p. 153. quainted with her." The marriage record reads: Solomon Mack, of Lyme, Conn., married Lydia Gates of East Haddam, dau. of Dan'l, of East Haddam, Jan. 4, 1759.25 Lydia Gates was the daughter of Daniel Gates and Lydia Fuller, and was baptized in the East Haddam Congregational Church, October, 29, 1732. Her lineage has been authen- tically traced to many prominent American colonists, including seven Mayflower passengers: Edward Fuller and wife and son Samuel; John Tilley and wife and daughter Eliza- beth Tilley, who married John How- land, another passenger. 2,i She proved eminently worthy of her heritage and in turn left the impress of her faith and refinement and culture up- on the generations of her posterity. With his zest for activity and getting ahead in the world, Solomon Mack was soon embarked upon other adventures. In the spring, 1759, I set out on another campaign. I went to_ Crown Point, and there I set up a sutler's shop which I kept two years, by means of a clerk I employed for that purpose, not knowing myself how to write, or read, to any amount, what others had written, or printed. I lost my Clerk, and not being able properly to ad- just accounts, lost 'what I had accumulated by hard industry for several years, all for want of youthful education. After leaving the army I accumulated, by industry, a handsome sum of silver and gold, with it I purchased, in the town of Granville, sixteen hundred acres of land and paid for it on delivery of the deed, but besides I was to clear a small piece of land on each right and build a log house.27 (Continued on following page) -5Lyme Vital Records, Vol. I, p. 92. 'MThe Utah Genealogical and Historical Magazine, Apr. 1929, Vol. 20, pp. 64-74. 27 A Narrative of Solomon Mack, p. 9. -;-■'■ ■ :■:■.:.:':■'■':?■■■'■'■ " ■ ■■:■: ■:■■■:.,. :>^-::j:: 22Parkman, op. cit, Vol. II, pp. 328-333. OCTOBER 1955 Meetinghouse in Marlow, New Hampshire. 713 SOLOMON MACK AND HIS FAMILY (Continued from preceding page) Numerous grants of land were be- ing made to officers and soldiers of the French and Indian War. Solo- mon Mack well knew of the fertility of the soil in this area from his mili- tary service and scouting expeditions. Granville was situated just east of old Ft. Anne, where he had fought in 1758 with Putnam and Rogers; and it lay next to the later Vermont line. It .was some years before the actual settlement of Granville began. He also bought land in Lyme. On February 8, 1759 he paid the "Pro- prietors of the Common and undivided Land in the Township of Lyme" 18 shillings for two small pieces just north of his own house and barn on his home lot. On April 6, 1761 he paid 40 pounds for 16 acres in the North Society of Lyme; and on May 9, 1761 he paid another 28 pounds, 2 shillings and 10 pence for an addi- tional tract.28 Meanwhile the older brothers and sisters of Solomon Mack had grown to maturity. His eldest sister Phebe had married Amos Huntley, her rela- tive, May 21, 1749; the next sister, Deborah, had married Nathan Wood- worth of Lyme, June 23, 1756; and Hannah, next after Solomon, had married Levi Bartholomew of Say- brook, October 11, 1757. His younger brother Samuel had married Lydia Brainerd of East Haddam, February 14, 1758.20 Hepzibah, about this time became the wife of Abishai Tubbs. Stephen, at the age of 18, enlisted April 18, 1760, in the New York Provincial Troops, being de- scribed in a muster roll as aged 19, farmer, born Lyme, Connecticut.30 In the campaign of 1762 he enlisted on March 24 in the First Connecticut Regiment. He was reported dead on December 10, 1762. Two cousins, Orlando Mack and Stephen Mack, who enlisted on March 15, were re- ported dead on December 5 and September 5, respectively.30 About 130 miles north of Lyme, Connecticut, was an area in New Hampshire which was chartered as a township named Marlow, and granted on October 7, 1761 to Wil- liam Noyes and sixty-three others. "The grantees were from Connecticut, -sLyme Deeds, Vol. 10, pp. 384, 385, 387. 2»Lyme V. R., Vol. 1, pp. 53, 91, 88; East Had- dam V. R., Vol. LR6, p. 513. ^'Muster Rolls of New York Provincial Troops, 1760, p.. 234, in New York Hist. Soc. Coll., 1891; French- Indian War Rolls, Vol. II, pp. 314, 319, in Conn. Hist. Soc. Coll., Vol. X. 714 principally in the vicinity of the towns of Lyme and Colchester. Among the first settlers were Thomas and Samuel Gustin, Elisha and Solo- mon Mack, Jasper and Nathan Hunt- ley, and Joseph Tubbs."31 These were virtually all relatives. A graphic account is given by Solomon Mack of their pioneering experiences: In 1761, we moved to the town of Mar- low, where we remained until we had four children. When we moved there it was no other than a desolate and dreary wilder- ness. Only four families resided within forty miles. Here I was thrown into a situation to appreciate more fully the talents and virtues of my excellent wife; for, as our children were deprived of schools, she as- sumed the charge of their education, and performed the duties of an instructress as none, save a mother, is capable of. Precepts accompanied with examples such as hers, were calculated to make impressions on the minds of the young, never to be forgotten. She, besides instructing them in the various branches of an ordinary education, was in the habit of calling them together both morning and evening, and teaching them to pray; meanwhile urging upon them the necessity of love toward each other, as well as devotional feelings towards Him who made them. In this manner my first children became confirmed in habits of piety, gentleness, and reflection, which afforded great assistance in guiding those who came after them, in the same happy channel. The education of my children would have been a more difficult task, if they had not inherited much of their mother's excellent disposi- tion.32 The pain and the hazards of those experiences on the frontier called for the utmost hardihood and grim en- durance. I then proceeded into the back country to clear me a farm. Soon I began to work in the woods, but unfortunately cut my leg and lay under the Doctors care the whole season, which cost me a large sum and well nigh took my life. I underwent every- thing but death, but thought nothing of the hand that inflicted the chastisement. My family arrived, and we were in the wilder- ness and could do no business. Previous to this, however, I freighted a vessel and went to New York, where I sold my cargo ex- tremely high and returning was overtaken by a gale of wind, my vessel was much damaged; but we made shift and got to Long Island, and there we left the vessel. I arrived at home sometime in the winter, poor enough, the vessel did not arrive till the next spring. Afterwards I broke my wrist, with which I had a great deal of pain and expense; for a long time I was unable to do any labour. Though I still sought to make myself great and 31Hammond: Town Papers, New Hampshire, Vol. XII, p. 572. :aHistory of Joseph Smith, By his mother, Lucy Smith, 1945, ed. pp. 5-6. happy, in the way I was educated, the Lord would not suffer me to prosper. I was not yet discouraged.33 On January 18, 1762, "Solomon Mack of Lyme, New London Co., Conn.," had sold his dwelling house, barn, and land, about 60 acres, in Lyme for 72 pounds, 16s. 7d. On April 4, 1765 he sold another 23 acres in Lyme with dwelling house and barn thereon for 118 pounds 9s. to his brother-in-law Abishai Tubbs; and 14 acres there for 33 pounds to his brother-in-law Amos Huntley. Nine days later he disposed of 7 acres in Lyme for 7 pounds; and on August 1, 1766 he sold 23 acres for 118 pounds. 3i It appears that he still maintained residence in Lyme, for in each deed he is called "Solomon Mack of Lyme." On May 12, 1767 he was chosen "Deer Reeve" of Marlow. On Octo- ber 1, 1770 and again on May 15, 1767 he had 100 acres of land laid out to him in Marlow. 35 In a petition of the Marlow proprietors dated December 30, 1771 appear as "Pro- prietors by purchase" the names of Abishai Tubbs, Elisha Mack, and Solomon Mack. At least ten of the other men who signed were their relatives. A census was taken of the "Heds of famelys" in Marlow, Janu- ary 7, 1772. Among the twenty- eight heads were eleven known rela- tives of Solomon Mack on either the Mack or Huntley sides.30 He and his brother Elisha were included among them; also Jasper Huntley, who on December 31, 1768, had married Solomon's youngest sister Azubah, at Lyme. Solomon Mack and his wife Lydia Gates had these children, all except the first probably born in Marlow: 1. Jason, b. abt. 1760. 2. Lovisa, b. abt. 1762. 3. Lovina, probably a twin, b. abt. 1762. 4. Lydia, b. 1764. 5. Stephen, b. June 15, 1766. 6. Daniel Gates, b. abt. 1770. 7. Solomon, b. Jan. 28, 1773. Shortly after the birth of the child, Solomon, Jr., the family moved to nearby Gilsum, about eight miles southwest of Marlow. The village lies in a deep basin surrounded by (Continued on page 749) :::iA Narrative of Solomon Mack, pp. 9-10. ^Lyme Deeds, Vol. 10, p. 450; Vol. 11, pp. 29, 79, 277: Vol. 13, p. 410. ■X'Town Papers, New Hampshire, Vol. IX, p. 548. mbid-, p. 546. THE IMPROVEMENT ERA Should Parents Be Teachers by Elizabeth Adamson \\WMU«WH\n*«HMtHH«VWH\WHHUV* >vn*****w*w* I want my child to choose for him- self. I'm not having him join any church now. When he is old enough, he may join any church he wishes." How many times have you heard this or a similar phrase? This seems to be a popular no- tion among modern parents. They are reluctant to teach their own re- ligious beliefs to their children. These parents do not seem to realize that history has proved children who re- ceive no spiritual training often choose to live without religion. Then there are other parents who believe children should be taught re- ligion; however, the church should furnish the instruction. They have not made comparisons to see that the child is receiving from his 168 hours in a week only 2l/2 hours of religious instruction. Many children spend more time in movies than in church. Even fundamentals of arithmetic are taught the child for a longer period of time. Are we putting first things first? Most parents are desirous of hav- ing their children grow up with a knowledge of the gospel, a vibrant conviction of its truth, and an atti- tude that will result in good works. To realize this ambition parents must take some of the responsibility for their training. The first and most important schooling of life is to be gained at home. Religion should be the founda- tion of that education, for it is the most powerful and sustaining force in helping us meet the realities of life. It helps us to face danger, disappoint- ment, and sorrow. Religious faith helps us to put our trust in the Lord. This faith must be acquired early in life and exercised throughout life. It is a great influence and blessing in every Latter-day Saint home. OCTOBER 1955 The parents who can instil devo- tion and faith in God .in their chil- dren already have laid a good founda- tion for a fine and happy life. The value of thanking our Heavenly Father for our food and of family prayers night and morning gives spiritual joy and gratitude in the home. People who pray together do not drift very far apart. In our modern Latter-day Saint homes we must teach by example the principles of honesty, dependability, and righteousness. It is the respon- sibility of the home to teach the three R's: righteous living, reverence, and responsibility. How do we teach righteousness? By righteous living. Reverence? By devotion to prayer and to Church principles and teachings. Responsi- bility? Each member should be given responsibility. Work in the home should be shared, so that parents and young people can spend some of their leisure time together. Unless we are capable and wise parents who teach by example these principles of honesty, dependability, and righteousness, we fall short of our goal in spite of all our other ac- complishments. As mothers, upon whom the greater share of the teach- ing burden falls, when we die it doesn't matter whether we have scrubbed our floors every day or not, but it does matter whether or not we have taught our children the prin- ciples of the Church, including the Word of Wisdom, having family prayer daily, and whether or not our children have a testimony of the gos- pel. Many parents of years gone by in- sisted their word was law, to be ab- solutely unquestioned. This attitude, because of its severity, drives away rather than encourages. Today the opposite extreme is being maintain- ed. Parents are too lax in teaching their children. "Train up a child in the way he should go." (Prov. 22:6.) Family life largely forms the character of the children. Good character is es- sential for success in all phases of life. By precept and example (mere- ly telling is not enough), you may teach your best lessons. Children are taught best by the example of love in duty by those they love. Consistency of teaching and of example is necessary, also. The father of one family held a very high posi- tion and was honored and respected by his neighbors and associates. He was old-fashioned in his manner of teaching and disciplining the chil- dren. His word was law. When he spoke, he expected to be obeyed. He insisted that his children attend all Church gatherings. He was also very strict with himself in such matters. But the inconsistency was that his wife always stayed home. Conse- quently, between being driven and forced and seeing their mother do the opposite, the children wilfully drifted away from the Church as soon as they became independent. Example and teaching are not a one parent job. It requires the work and co- operation of both if the children are to fulfil the hopes of the parents. Teaching is begun while a child is yet in the cradle. Babies feel the atmosphere. What joy, to teach baby lips their first lisping prayer; to kneel yourself or to bow as a family with a parent or one of the children pray- ing for all. It is important to hear the children express their individual faith and prayers for the blessings they feel are needed by the family. Faith and prayer go hand in hand. Faith is the key to power and without it life is empty. President J. Reuben Clark, Jr., says, We must set in order our own houses; we must see that our children are properly taught; they must understand what the com- mandments of the Lord are, and we shall not have our skirts clear if we do not do all that is in our power, not alone by pre- cept, but by example, in bringing them to live according to the principles of the gos- pel. In no other way can salvation and exaltation come, and our troubles will be great ... if we fail in teaching our children properly. We are coming too much to the point where we condone sin instead of for- giving the repentant sinner, and there is a difference between those two things. (Continued on page 762) 715 by Mary Ek Knowles Norma awoke abruptly, and her first thought was, How can I keep Gramps out of sight during the party this afternoon? Because keep him out of sight she must! The women — mostly residents of the exclusive neighborhood into which she and David had just moved — would take one look at Gramps; they'd hear his crude speech and be insulted by his blunt observations. Oh, they'd be polite enough at the party, but afterwards! Norma could almost hear Mrs. Schuyler Payne's cultured voice, "I was shocked to meet the young doctor's grandfather. Why, he's nothing but a tramp! Dr. Saw- yer seems like such a brilliant young man, but really, my dears, blood will tell, and you can't be too particular whom you select for a family doctor." The others would agree, Mrs. Schuyler Payne being the undisputed leader of the social set, and that would be that. She and David might just as well move back to the apart- ment on Locust Street! She looked at David sleeping the sleep of exhaustion. He'd had a night call — the Watson baby on Third Avenue. Maybe he would get paid, but more likely he wouldn't. The good practice, the paying patients were in this part of town, and now David would lose out! "Why did Gramps have to come?" she thought resentfully, "and if he had to come, why did he pick this time?" Gramps had arrived yesterday morning, unheralded. It had been 716 very early when Minnie knocked on the door. "Pardon me for awaken- ing you, Dr. Sawyer, but there's a tramp at the back door, and — " "Well, feed him," David mumbled sleepily. " 'Never turn a hungry man away.' That's what my grand- mother used to say," his voice dwindled off. "He insists he knows you," Min- nie's voice went on, something akin to panic in it. " 'You go wake the doc,' he said, 'tell him there's some buttermilk pancakes on the griddle for him.' He's down there now, going through my cupboards!" David sat up with a jerk. "Gramps!" He was out of bed, thrusting his arms into his dressing gown. "Your grandfather is here, David?" Norma had asked. "Yes, my grandfather, honey," he chuckled. "And unless I'm very much mistaken the first batch of pancakes is all ready!" Norma had trailed after David out of the bedroom and down the stairs. She thought of Colonel Ashby, Mrs. Schuyler Payne's father, with his dignified walk and his gold-headed cane. He was retired, too, and lived with Mrs. Payne. Norma had stopped in the kitchen doorway stunned by what she saw. Gramps was standing at her new electric stove, one of her embroidered tea towels tied around his waist, in- dustriously spooning batter out of a large mixing bowl cradled in his left arm, and spreading it in the heavy iron skillet. Gramps was tall and ramrod thin. He was wearing a baggy pair of rusty black trousers, a blue-striped shirt without collar and tie, and a brown vest. His iron-gray hair showed re- cent combat with comb and water, with the hair the victor. David said, "Gramps, you old tyrant!" And Gramps turned from the stove, his whiskery face breaking into a smile. "Where did you come from?" Gramps flipped three pancakes. "Hitchhiked from Pleasantville. Got a hankerin' to see how you was makin' out." "I'd have sent you money, Gramps." Gramps patted his chest. "I've got plenty money pinned to my shirt. Always wanted to go cross country, so I lit out last Wednesday." This was Tuesday. "I can only stay a week. Eloise," Norma learned later that Eloise was his prize China sow, "is due to farrow then." Gramps moved over to the cup- board, and Norma had noticed his walk, the quickness of his step, his feet toeing out just a trifle. "There now!" he'd flipped golden-brown pancakes onto the platter. "Set now and eat while they're hot. You, too," he commanded Minnie. A smile tugged at the corners of his full-lipped mouth, and his nostrils quivered with amusement. "She wasn't goin' to let me in," he said. '' 'Dr. Sawyer wouldn't know anyone like you, and tramps aren't allowed in the neighborhood.' " THE IMPROVEMENT ERA Norma had seen David flinch, and she'd scarcely tasted the pancakes. "What are we going to do, David?" she'd asked when they were alone in their room. "Do? Why, Gramps can use the guest room and — " "What will the neighbors think when they see him?" "I don't give a hang — " "This is a critical time in your career, David. The impression we make now is terribly important." David had run his fingers worriedly through his dark curly hair. "I'm not going to hurt his feelings no mat- ter what it does to my practice!" Norma thought, Tomorrow I can drive Gramps to Crystal Lake and keep him there for the rest of his stay. But today? What to do with him today! All of a sudden the early morning quiet was broken by a shrieking, grat- ing sound, and David sat up in bed with a jerk. "Shades of my boy- hood!" He was across the room to the window with Norma at his side, and the sound came closer like a dozen cats on a torture rack. "What is it, David?" David's chuckle was slivered with exasperation. "Gramps has found a wheelbarrow, my pet. An evil twin to the diabolical vehicle that used to shatter my boyish slumber. Just look at him!" She watched Gramps push the pro- testing wheelbarrow to the back of the lot and dump bricks into a pile un- der the maple tree. Then with a look of determination, he grasped the handles of the wheelbarrow, wheeled it around, and at the same moment Norma heard windows go up, and faces, wearing indignant expressions, thrust out all along the horseshoe bend of the street. Norma quickly opened the window. "Gramps, wait!" Gramps looked up, his face wreathed in smiles. "Mornin', Normer. Got you some bricks. Goin' to build you an outdoor fireplace." "I'll be right down, Gramps. Don't go away." David caught her in his arms as she opened the door. "Go easy, honey. Remember, I wouldn't be Dr. David Sawyer if it weren't for Gramps." She knew what David meant. When Gramps knew David wanted to be a doctor he'd worked all one blistering summer and sent his wages to David. OCTOBER 1955 "Don't worry, David," she told him. "I'll be tactful." Gramps was standing in the back- yard under the maple tree, wiping his forehead with a blue bandana handkerchief. He looked up as she came over. "Ain't them nice brick, Normer? Know that old building down the road a piece? One they're tearing down? They was glad to sell me all the bricks I need. Bought cement and sand, too, and borrowed a trowel." He grasped the handles of the wheelbarrow. "I'd best get back for another load. Three barrows ought to do 'er." "No, Gramps!" she said harshly, and then at the hurt look on his face. "Start it now. Let me see how it's going to look." He winked at her. "You'll have the purtiest fireplace in this neighbor- hood." Norma thought hopefully, "Maybe he'll stay in the backyard laying brick all day." When she went back in the house, David was just leaving. "Is everything all right with Gramps, honey?" he asked anxiously. "Sure, darling. Don't you worry." If only the party went as she planned it! In the first place know- ing a famous authoress well enough to give a party for her had been a feather in Norma's hat. Last Wed- nesday Mrs. Schuyler Payne had given her a lift to town, and Norma had noticed Malvina's book on the seat. She'd picked it up. "So Mally finally wrote her African novel." "You know Malvina Prescott, Mrs. Sawyer?" Norma could tell Mrs. Payne was impressed. "We were roommates at Stanford. Malvina will be here next Wednesday between planes." "How I'd like to meet herl" The inspiration had come then, full blown. "I'm giving a reception for Malvina, Mrs. Payne. I'd love to have you come. Wednesday from two to four." It was almost one o'clock before Norma had time to look out Tie win- dow and see how the fireplace was progressing. She was startled to find that there were only a few bricks left! Just about the time the guests arrived, Gramps would be leaving for another load of bricks. He certainly was fast, she admitted. They should have someone like him working on the medical building. The medical building . . . Maybe . . . she went quickly downstairs and out to the backyard. "Why, that's going to be wonderful, Gramps," she said. "I think it's marvelous to be able to build something like that. You should see the new medical building going up. Why, every time I go to town, I stand and watch the workers." "Where's the building, Normer?" Gramps' face showed interest. "Over on Farrow Street, across from the library." "Well, now, I'd like to take a look at that." Norma chose her words carefully, suddenly shocked at herself. "Oh, no, Gramps, it's too far for you to walk! I forbid you to go!" Gramps globbed mortar on bricks with an angry gesture. "Soon as I lay these last bricks, I'm goin' to be on my way!" "David can't take you and — " "I'll walk," Gramps said. "Well, all right," Norma gave a reluctant sigh. "I'll lay out your good clothes and — " "Clothes I got on will do." Norma (Continued on following page) 717 A DISGRACE TO THE FAMILY (Continued from preceding page) saw the stubborn set of his mouth and let well enough alone. Later Norma stood at the window and watched until Gramps was out of sight.- It was a long walk to Far- row Street. He would be gone until evening. She whirled around and then walked slowly through the house. She loved this old home with its spacious rooms, its glossy walnut woodwork, and many paned windows. How nice the table looked covered with her lace tablecloth, her gleam- ing wedding silver and china. They had chosen furniture that would com- plement the antiques she had sent from home. The right background was so important to a young doctor. It was the only kind of advertising he could do. Norma was placing platters of strawberry tarts on the table when she saw a taxi stop in front, and Malvina get out. Norma went to the door. "Oh, Mally darling!" She hugged 'her friend. "It's good to see you. You're looking marvelous." "And so are you, darling. Mar- riage agrees with you." "Sit down, Mally," Norma said eagerly and indicated the divan. "Let's have a few quiet moments be- fore the mob arrives." Malvina sat down and smiled. She was tall and blond and very lovely with her wide brown eyes. "How is David doing? Building up a good practice?" "Oh, Mally!" All of a sudden Norma was telling Malvina every- thing, even about Gramps. Malvina laughed. "He sounds like a wonderful character for a story. Where is he?" Norma told her, conscious that Malvina was looking at her disap- provingly. "Don't look at me like that, Mally. Gramps is a marvelous character for a story but not a mar- velous grandfather for a young doctor just starting out. Dr. Cabot has been these people's doctor, but he's retir- ing soon, and oh, if only David could be their doctor!" Malvina smiled understandingly, "Darling, I'll impress the socks off them, and here come the first victims. Give me a quick sketch of each one." Norma looked out the window at the three women coming up the walk. "The tall thin one in the rose print dress is Mrs. Bruce Cantwell. Nina 718 Cantwell," Norma said. "She has a wealthy banker husband and chronic indigestion. The pretty dark-haired woman is Mrs. Floyd Barrows. Lucy Barrows. Her husband is something important in steel. They have four children, and all four still have their tonsils, adenoids, and appendixes, and—" "And the handsome gray-haired woman in the blue linen?" Norma let her breath out in a little gasp. "Mrs. Schuyler Payne. If she gives the nod, the others follow." The doorbell rang. Malvina said, "Relax! They're only people!" Norma thought of Malvina's words as the afternoon progressed. Every- one she had invited came, and they all loved Malvina, and Norma knew that everyone was having a good time. She moved from group to group, re- laxed now. Only Mrs. Payne remained a bit aloof. So Norma was delighted when Mrs. Payne told her, "I like the way you have redecorated the house. I was so afraid, when I knew young people were moving into the old Walters' home that they would go modernistic. But you haven't painted the woodwork and — " "Paint this lovely solid walnut!" Norma exclaimed. "That would be sacrilege." "You are perfectly right," Mrs. Payne said approvingly. "I was sit- ting here admiring the walnut secre- tary. It's beautiful!" "Thank you. It belonged to my great-grandmother Crawford." "Where are you from, Mrs. Saw- yer?" Norma told her about her child- hood in California. Then in the mid- dle of a sentence Norma looked out the window and saw Gramps coming up the walk! She was not aware that she had gasped until Mrs. Payne said, "What is it, Mrs. Sawyer?" And then Mrs. Payne was looking out the window, too, saying, "Who is that old man? I do believe he's the same one who went past my house very early this morning pushing a disreputable wheelbarrow. He's turn- ing in here." Mrs. Payne looked sharply at Norma. "Does he live here?" Norma thought, I'll tell her he's our yard man, and then I'll slip out and head Gramps off before he comes in here. But suddenly she loathed herself for even thinking of such a cruel thing. She said, "He's Dr. Sawyer's grandfather. He's here from Pleasantville visiting us for a week. You must meet him." She could hear Gramps talking to Minnie in the kitchen. She opened the swinging door wide. "Gramps," she called, "come in here. I want you to meet my guests." Gramps appeared in the doorway. Norma said loudly, "This is Dr. Saw- yer's grandfather." Gramps smiled a broad smile. "As I walked around the side of the house, it was like standing outside a chicken coop and listening to a flock of hens cackling." He bowed slightly, his feet turning out, his eyes twinkling. "Purty, young hens, you understand." He looked down at his attire. "Ex- cuse me bein' in my workin' clothes. Didn't know I was going to be in- vited to a party. Be back in a min- ute soon as I change." There were a few well-bred laughs as Gramps walked across the room with that jaunty walk. Across the room Malvina's eyes met hers, and Malvina began to talk rapidly about the new book she was writing, and then Gramps was back in his "best togs" — black trousers and white shirt and fire-engine red tie. The rest was nightmare, with Gramps moving about freely and per- fectly at ease, with occasional lulls in the conversation and Gramps' voice rising above the rest. It was when Norma heard Gramps tell Mrs. Schuyler Payne, "Hogs ain't dirty naturally. You give a hog half a chance, and he'd be clean as you are," and saw Mrs. Payne looking down her long, well-bred nose at Gramps that a kind of numbness stole over Norma. It lasted until the last guest had gone, taking Malvina with them to the airport in a car that had room for Malvina but none — Norma thought significantly — for her. She even made some kind of reply when Gramps said it was a jim-dandy party, and if she could spare him now, he'd go for another load of bricks. It was when she heard the squeal- ing of the wheelbarrow that the numbness left, and she burst into tears. Let Gramps go after a dozen loads of brick. It didn't matter now. Everything was ruined. She heard the dining room door swing open and Minnie's step. Norma (Continued on page 744) THE IMPROVEMENT ERA "Come, follow me . . . and I will make you fish- ers of men." — Photo by C. C. Pierce Dear Tom: I almost feel as though I know you. The things Brother Palmer said about you1 make you seem very real to me. Even if you don't have a surname, Tom, you are still a real person, and you do have an inheritance awaiting you. Did you say, "I would give every- thing I own to know who I am"? So would we all, Tom. It's the very greatest need we have — to know who we are, why we are here, and where we belong in the scheme of things. And this is something that we can know. German E. Ellsworth, former presi- dent of the Northern California Mis- sion, has said repeatedly, "Remem- ber who you are!" What does he mean by that? You, Tom, don't know who your parents were; you were given no last name; and yet you, too, should be remembering who you are. Our Savior said, ". . . call no man your father upon the earth: for one is your Father, which is in heaven." (Matt. 23 : 9. ) Maybe you can't know your earthly parents, Tom, but you can know your Heavenly Father. ". . . all ye are brethren," said the Lord. (Idem 8.) He was talking to •William R. Palmer, "A Father's Blessing," The Improvement Era, March 1955, p. 150. OCTOBER 1955 DEAR TOM by Margaret T. Goff you, Tom. You have a whole family of brothers and sisters here on this earth with you. Why should you drift over the earth? Why should you be without a home, without friends, without loved ones? You can find a brother wherever you look, if you seek with love in your heart to find kinship with the rest of God's children. So many of them are worse off than you are. Haven't you something to give to them, Tom — a smile — a kind heart? Haven't you some encouraging words to give? Don't you know some young boy who needs befriending? Haven't you seen any need among men that you know how to meet? If you are loving and kind, Tom, you will also be greatly loved. The closest family ties develop from love and service to others. Tom, you have a wonderful fam- ily— the human family. Your family has produced prophets and apostles, scientists, doctors, artists, musicians, authors, teachers, statesmen, in- ventors. Have you ever taken the time to learn about them? Think about these noteworthy men and women. Isn't it an honor to have such brothers and sisters? There are millions of others — men and women whose names are not known to the world, who know what integrity is, what honor and kindness and uprightness mean; who cherish these principles and teach them to their children. These also are your brothers and sisters. You belong to the same great family. It's up to you to make yourself a worthy member of that family. I agree that you need a name, Tom. Why not take upon yourself the name of Christ as he would like you to do? There have been others before you who have adopted the surname Chris- tian. Why not become Tom Christian or Thomas Christian? Accept the name legally, and bear it proudly. Then you would really have some- thing to live up to! If you should seek to know our Savior, to follow in his footsteps, to bear his name honorably, he would welcome you with open arms. Can't you hear him saying, "Come unto (Continued on page 763) 719 p.**** *, r > v , ^ ^ v j s g vv^^^*^^^*^^^^ COURAGE INACTION by Jim McFarland has been said that we are a peculiar people. As members of the Church we are different because of our beliefs, for we are a chosen people, called out of the dark- ness and into the marvelous light of the restored gospel. It is our calling to live faithfully to the truth that will make this light shine bright and guide us away from the obstacles and rocks of tempta- tion and into the harbor of a faith courageous. Throughout the ages, this truth which we are proud to defend has never been changed. In olden times young people met with basically the same temptations as the young people of today, for in all ages there have been peculiar people; for example, Daniel, when still a young man in his teens, met with a situation which, if he had let it, would have dimmed the light of his faith. He along with three other captives of Israel was chosen to be trained for three years as personal attendants to the king of Babylon. However, the food and drink of which Daniel was expected to par- take was unhealthful according to his beliefs, as were the moral and spiritual standards prevalent in the kingdom. So Daniel requested of the king that he and his friends be permitted to eat of vegetables and water for ten days rather than partaking of the king's food. The results of the experiment were favorable, and the four Jewish youths were permitted to live in this way during the remaining three years of their training. At the end of this time, they were found to be far superior to their fellow students both physically and intellectually, and indeed wiser than all the learned men of Babylon. Their superiority was traced to the God they were not ashamed to worship. Daniel not only had the courage to refuse to partake of the king's food, but also the courage to stand up before the king and explain his beliefs to him. Because of Daniel's firm conviction of faith and courage to secure the food and drink which met the standards of his belief, he was rewarded with much power in the kingdom. This firm conviction of Daniel's did not develop overnight but was nurtured throughout a clean life from a spark of truth to a brilliant, courageous faith. We are a peculiar people because of the principles and standards we follow. Young people of the Church are taught to live by a very strict code of moral ethics. We believe in keeping our bodies physically strong, mentally awake, and morally straight, by not taking into them unclean things or thoughts. We are taught that the kind of stories and jokes we *Adapted from a talk given at the speech session of the MIA June con- ference held in the Tabernacle. 720 hear or tell, the type of books and magazines we read, and the words we use should be of such high standard that they would be acceptable in the presence of God, for truly, "the glory of God is intelligence." It is the mission of those of us who have this light of truth to spread it throughout the rest of the world, to demonstrate to people, as Daniel showed the king of Babylon, that to live by these strict codes will bring them happiness and power to resist temptation. To do this we must have courage and be able to stand unashamed before any opposition and hold true to our beliefs. Courage in action was well demonstrated by one of our early missionaries. When spreading the light of truth in the Southern States, the leader of the angry mob shouted, "Shoot that man," and pointed to Rud- ger Clawson. Twelve men raised their guns and cov- ered him. He looked into the blank, death-dealing muzzles and folded his arms. "Shoot," he calmly said. A blackness came over him; he could not see. He felt the presence of the angel of death. Finally, after an eternity, dimly out of the distance, he heard another command, "Don't shoot." His calm faith in God and his cool bravery had saved him. Would you believe for a minute that this stirring demonstration of faith courageous was an instantane- ous impulse? No. It was, rather, a solid wall of faith and courage, built on a firm conviction of the gospel. He had read and believed the gospel of John, wherein it says: These things I have spoken unto you, that in me ye might have peace. In the world ye shall have tribulation: but be of good cheer; I have overcome the world. (John 16:33.) What a great promise to be given to us! No mat- ter where we go in the world, when we meet with temptation or tribulation, the Spirit of God will be there to guide us. The only thing our Heavenly Father asks is for us to have the faith and the cour- age to say that we are not ashamed of the gospel of Christ, and that we will live by it until the end, for truly in the end the just shall live by faith. 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This low-cost, non-cancellable plan is more than just a regular hospital and sur- gical plan because it also provides benefits in case of death and accumulates cash or loan values as well. We believe this plan is so exceptional that we are offering the Salad Server without cost to you in the hope that you will give us an opportunity to further explain the details to you and your family. THE SALAD SERVER IS A GIFT -YOUR INQUIRY PUTS YOU UN- DER NO OBLIGATION. Fill in and mail this coupon TODAY! INSURANCE COMPANY 32 Exchange Place • Salt Lake City, Utah Commercial Travelers Insurance Co. P. O. Box 2520 Salt Lake City 10, Utah Please send .me a FREE Salad Server and information about your new, non-cancellable Hospital, Surgical and Life Plan. I am under 60 years of age. I understand that filling in the card and accepting the Salad Server will in no way obli- gate me. NAME STREET ADDRESS CITY. STATE. OCTOBER 1955 721 COURAGE IN ACTION (Concluded from page 720) Each day the test seems to come. Last spring I was associated with ninety-four other young men from every state in the Union, but some- how I was singled out among them because some of my beliefs differed from some of their own. The con- vention was held in the center of the city of Chicago. I was repeatedly in- vited to enter burlesque shows, to have cocktails, cigarets, and other things which did not conform with my teachings and beliefs. Had I not the necessary courage to say no to such temptations, no doubt today I would be wondering why that beacon which guides me had become so dim. I am thankful for that God-given faith. This truth which we believe in was well-expressed by Richard L. Evans when speaking of people who by necessity had to leave their homes. "Fundamentally there is only one set of rules. If a thing wasn't right or ethical at home, it isn't right or ethical away from home. If a thing wasn't sound morally or spiritually where we came from, it isn't sound morally or spiritually where we're going. Some day when all this has passed, most of us are going to want to go back to those places from which we have come, and take up life where we left it. . . . it is well to keep in mind that we do not change our identity when we change our environment. We cannot change color, like the chameleon, and expect to change quickly back again. The colors of character tend to resist ready change — especially changes from the darker to the lighter hues."* Daniel did not see fit to change the rules he lived by when he was away from home, nor did Elder Clawson. But we do not need to be confronted by assassins or be tempted with evil in far-off places to demonstrate our faith courageous. Each day of our lives each of us has the opportunity to brighten that light of truth within us by having the faith and the cour- age to resist the very smallest tempta- tion. If we, living by our daily acts, de- velop a faith that is courageous, we will be able to exclaim with power and elation, as did Paul, "For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ: for it is the power of God unto salva- tion to every one that believeth, . . ." (Romans 1;16.) *Evans, Richard L., This Day (New York: 1942), p. 7. and Always Pisgah Mormon Landmark by Lorraine V. Buckman A little-known cemetery in Iowa is all that remains of the thriving community of 3,000 Latter-day Saints who lived there from 1846 until 1852. Travelers on Highway 34, across the midwest, would be inspired by a visit to this hallowed spot. It is northwest of the Talmage viaduct, along a winding country road and up the hill after a right turn at the "T" in the road. From the cemetery slopes visitors see the fertile, peaceful valley which Mormon scouts found in the spring of 1846; and they were so impressed with the spot, which they named Mt. Pisgah, others in the party were brought on to settle on these slopes. Homes were open to weary groups of Saints making the trek west, and it is estimated that over 15,000 made Pisgah an important way station. It was just about halfway across Iowa, and the fertile fields and the large natural spring provided food and water for man and beast. 722 — Photo courtesy Iowa Development Co Monument to the Pioneers at Mount Pisgah, Iowa, one of the last traces o£ the historic Mormon Trail. But when the Latter-day Saints were called to Utah, the town began to empty, and Pisgah gradually faded entirely away. In 1866 the Church purchased the two-acre plot where the cemetery lay, and in 1888 a tall stone monument was erected to mark the important site. Historians explain the absence of individual grave markers because such a practice would give the Indians no clues to the community burial plot. In any case, because the courageous Mormons were some of the first pio- neers to take their companies across these particular sections of Iowa, gov- ernment surveyors officially labeled the route from Keokuk to Council Bluffs "The Mormon Trail." There are some other important Mormon landmarks in the state: a bronze tablet on Chief Keokuk's monument at Rand Park, Keokuk, marks the origin of the trail; and other historic points are at Chariton, Lewis, and Council Bluffs. Yet the old Mount Pisgah cemetery represents the courage and faith of the Latter-day Saints who for six years made a comfortable resting place for those who must push westward. Per- haps this spot was the very most vital way station between the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. Today the peace- ful setting envelops the visitor in a serene sense of history made and faith proved. THE IMPROVEMENT ERA Why CHASE copper drainage systems are 6dS/6t to 20 -foot lengths mean that fewer joints are needed. Entire system lightweight, easier to handle and to assemble. Chase Solder-Joint Fittings are easily, rapidly made. Chase Copper Water Tube— with Chase Solder- Joint Fittings — make an ideal waste, vent or soil line system ... a quick- ly installed, more economical system that does a better job, lasts longer. A Chase drainage system is a light- When you buy products Copper Company, you weight system — so easy to install, yet rugged enough throughout to take plenty of hard knocks. Your Chase wholesaler will be glad to give you full information on this more efficient type of drainage system. made by Chase Brass and buy Utah mined copper. Xftah Copix* Division m Kennecott Copper Corporation Good Neighbor Helping to Build a Better Utah OCTOBER 1955 723 ARCHAEOLOG and the BOOK OF MORMON by President Milton R. Hunter OF THE FIRST COUNCIL OF THE SEVENTY It is a fact of interest and much significance that prior to and at the time of the publication of the Book of Mormon ". . . the profane histories . . . were a unit in the thought that no horses existed here previous to their introduction by the Spanish."1 Dr. Frederick J. Pack em- phasized the fact that when the Prophet Joseph Smith, aided by the power of the Lord, translated the history and religious teachings of the ancient Americans and pub- lished the account under the title of the Book of Mormon, he published statements regarding horses which were completely contrary to the uni- versally accepted belief that horses had not existed on either of the American continents prior to the dis- covery of the New World and the Spanish conquest. To quote: ... It should be remembered that this book was published at a time when even the most profound thinkers were positive that no horses had existed previous to the Spanish conquest. The statements in the Book of Mormon relating to the horse were at that time used by its opponents as proof that the book was untrue, and written by someone who was not acquainted with even the crudest facts of history.2 Possibly historians had come to the foregoing conclusion because the Spanish conquistador es of Guatemala, Yucatan, and the valley of Mexico were mounted on horses while their opponents, the Indians, possessed no such animals and were completely un- familiar with them. Father Diego dc Landa, in reporting on conditions in Yucatan at the time of the Spanish conquest, mentioned the dog as being the only domesticated animal pos- iFrederick J. Pack, "Revelation Ante-dating Scien- tific Discovery — An Instance," The Improvement Era (Salt Lake City, February, 1907), vol. 10, pp. 242- 243 -Ibid., p. 244. 724 sessed by the Maya Indians of that land.H Furthermore, as far as the au- thor knows, none of the early explor- ers or missionaries to the Indians in either North or South America re- corded in their journals the fact that they had observed horses among the Indians during the earlier part of the colonial period. Perhaps these facts were the basic ones in causing histori- ans to be united in their declarations that there had never been horses on the Western Hemsphere prior to the coming of the Spaniards, and so a little over one hundred years ago it was a universally accepted belief that the Spaniards brought the first horses to America. In direct opposition to that belief, the Book of Mormon, published on 3Diego de Landa, (cir. 1556), Relation de las Cosas de Yucatan (1941 ed.), p. 203, cited in Milton R. Hunter and Thomas Stuart Ferguson, Ancient America and the Book of Mormon (Oakland, 1950), p. 310. Part VI Horses in Ancient America March 26, 1830, makes the claim that horses lived upon the American conti- nent throughout Jaredite and Nephite times. There are eleven statements scattered throughout this ancient rec- ord regarding horses, all of which in- dicate that horses were among the animals in ancient America. Some of the statements definitely maintain that horses were domesticated and used by the inhabitants of this continent in ancient times for purposes similar to those for which other peoples have used them. Also, the writer finds no evidence in the Book of Mormon to the effect that the horse became ex- tinct before the close of Nephite his- tory. The latter few references to them seem to indicate that they were abundant during that period. The Jaredites, who migrated to America from the Tower of Babel and flourished as a great nation for SKELETON OF WESTERN HORSE (Equus occidentalis Leidy). Horse bones taken from the asphalt deposits of Rancho La Brea and now displayed in the Los Angeies County Museum collection. Courtesy of Chester Stock. Note scale at right for size of herse. THE IMPROVEMENT ERA hundreds of years, possessed numer- ous horses. Ether, the last of the Jaredite prophets, mentioned some of the animals that his people had used in ancient America for many centuries before the time of Christ. He wrote: And they also had horses, and asses, and there were elephants and cureloms and cumoms; all of which were useful unto man, and more especially the elephants and cureloms and cumoms.* The Jaredite historian pointed out the fact that his people domesticated some of the animals and used them in doing farm work. The following is quoted from the ancient records: And they did make all manner of tools with which they did work their beasts/' A large variety of animals survived on the American continent after the close of Jaredite history, supplying the needs of the next group of colonists who inhabited the land. These peo- ple were called Nephites, and their brethren were designated as Laman- ites. The progenitors of the Nephites and Lamanites migrated to the West- ern Hemisphere under the leadership of Father Lehi and his son Nephi. They came to America from Jeru- salem, leaving the holy city in the year 600 B.C. Upon their arrival, Nephi, the historian of the group, mentioned the fact that they found a variety of animals here. He named some of the more common species which are usually domesticated for the use of man. Following is his statement: And it came to pass that we did find upon the land of promise, as we journeyed in the wilderness, that there were beasts in the forest of every kind, both the cow and the ox, and the ass and the horse, and 4Ether 9:19 (Italics author's throughout.) *Ibid., 10:26. ^^^PiSSJ! An Indian pictograph of the likeness of an unbridled horse in Picture Canyon, Cimar- ron County, Oklahoma, which shows that Indians in early times were acquainted with horses. the goat and the wild goat, and all manner of wild animals, which were for the use of men. . . .e «1 Nephi 18:25. A section of an Indian pictograph from the southwestern section of US, showing a man on a horse probably driving some goats. This is an example of early Pueblo Indian writing and it gives evidence that the In- dians of pre-Columbian days rode horses. A section of the same Indian pictograph shown above which depicts a horse with its rider shooting a deer with an arrow. One of the illustrations on the pictograph ap- pears to be a wheel. OCTOBER 1955 Perhaps the Nephites lost very lit- tle time in capturing various kinds of the useful animals listed by Nephi and domesticating them, since they were familiar with such animals and their usefulness, having just arrived from Jerusalem where such animals were known. At least it is definite from a statement made by Enos, the son of Jacob, Nephi's brother, that by 421 B.C. the Nephites had domesti- cated the horse and other animals. In the words of Enos: And it came to pass that the people of Nephi did till the land, and raise all man- ner of grain, and of fruit, and . . . herds ... of cattle of every kind, and goats, and wild goats, and also many horses.7 Approximately ninety years before the opening of the Christian era, four of King Mosiah II's sons refused the crown in order to devote their lives to missionary work among the Lamanites. Ammon, the oldest of these sons and the chief one among them, became the servant of one of the Lamanite kings named Lamoni, who resided in the city of Ishmael.8 On a certain occasion King Lamoni inquired of his servants regarding the whereabouts of Ammon. Following is the reply: And they said unto him: Behold, he is feeding thy horses. Now the king had com- manded his servants, previous to the time of the watering of their flocks, that they should prepare his horses and chariots, and conduct him forth to the land of Nephi, by the father of Lamoni, who was the king over all the land. (Continued on following page) 725 7Enos 1:21. 8Mosiah 27:34; Alma 17:18-27. ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE BOOK OF MORMON (Continued from preceding page) Now when king Lamoni heard that Am- nion was preparing his horses and his chariots he was more astonished, because of the faithfulness of Ammon, saying: Surely there has not been any servant among all my servants that has been so faithful as this man; for even he doth remember all my commandments to execute them.9 The Book of Mormon reports that shortly thereafter the following event occurred: Now when Lamoni had heard this he caused that his servants should make ready his horses and his chariots.10 The most interesting item in the foregoing quotations is the fact that during that period of Book of Mor- mon history even the Lamanites — the people with an inferior culture to the Nephites — were driving horses hitched to chariots. This fact seems to indi- cate that horses were used rather ex- tensively at that time as an aid in transportation and, according to the Book of Mormon, these ancient Amer- icans had constructed a network of roads connecting the principal towns: To quote: And there were many highways cast up, and many roads made, which led from city to city, and from land to land, and from place to place.11 It is reasonable to believe that the chariots of the Nephites and Laman- ites were wheeled vehicles, since be- fore migrating from Jerusalem the progenitors of these people lived in the "Alma 18:9-10. mbid., 20:6. "3 Ncphi 6:8. Mediterranean world where horses and chariots were used extensively. It would have been the natural thing for Nephi and his associates to have brought that knowledge to their new home and put it in use when they found horses here in America. Since the principal purpose of the Book of Mormon was to give an ac- count of the religious history of the inhabitants of ancient America, it would have been more or less by ac- cident that horses were mentioned at all in that record. In perusing the Book of Mormon, the writer was surprised to find horses mentioned as often as they are; and certainly they are referred to enough times to supply convincing evidence of their existence and usefulness in ancient America during both Jaredite and Nephite times. In the year 17 A.D., approximately one hundred seven years after the in- cident of King Lamoni's horses and chariots, the record-keeper once again casually mentioned horses, indicating that they were considered among the valuable possessions of the Nephites at that time. He stated that the Gadianton robbers had become so numerous that the more righteous portion of the Nephites collected in one place all their possessions for the purpose of making it easier to protect themselves from the robbers. To quote directly from the Nephite rec- ords: . . . the proclamation of Lachoneus had gone forth throughout all the face of the land, and they had taken their horses, and their chariots, and their cattle, and all their flocks and their herds, and their grain, and jMrlifl A section of an Indian pictograph of the Southwestern Pueblo Indians, showing three men riding horses, and also one colt. This illustrates the fact that the Indians in early times made extensive use of horses. 726 all their substance, and did march forth by thousands and by tens of thousands, until they had all gone forth to the place which had been appointed that they should gather themselves together, to defend them- selves against their enemies.12 In reporting conditions the follow- ing year, the Nephites having had time to gather all their possessions, the historian once again mentioned horses as being numbered among that which they had collected. To quote: Therefore, there was no chance for the robbers to plunder and to obtain food, save it were to come up in open battle against the Nephites; and the Nephites being in one body, and having so great a number, and having reserved for themselves provisions, and horses and cattle, and flocks of every kind, that they might subsist for the space of seven years, in which time they did hope to destroy the robbers from off the face of the land; and thus the eighteenth year did pass away.13 , Eight years later (26 A.D. ) the war was over, the more righteous part of the Nephites having been victorious. As part of his report of this event, the record-keeper wrote: And now it came to pass that the people of the Nephites did all return to their own land in the twenty and sixth year, every man, with his family, his flocks and his herds, his horses and his cattle, and all things that did belong unto them.14 When the resurrected Messiah ap- peared, to the Nephites and taught them the same gospel which he had proclaimed to the Jews before his crucifixion, in one of his discourses he said: "... I will cut off thy horses out of the midst of thee, and I will destroy thy chariots"15 Jesus would not have spoken of horses and chariots if his listeners were completely un- familiar with them. From the foregoing quotations, it seems quite conclusive that horses were more or less numerous in ancient America and that they were exten- sively used by the Nephite and Lamanite peoples as well as by their predecessors the Jaredites. Also, the evidence presented does not indicate that horses became exterminated dur- ing the period of Nephite history, nor is there evidence found elsewhere in the Book of Mormon to that effect. Prior to the publishing of the Nephite records, no fossil remains of (Continued on page 728) ^Ibid., 3:22. 13Ibid., 4:4. ulhid., 6:1. 15Ibid., 21:14. THE IMPROVEMENT ERA Now give your car year-round protection against both major causes of engine wear with one remarkable new Double-Duty oil NEW CONOCO Super MOTOR OIL Here's why your car needs the benefits of this unique ALL-SEASON motor oil: Today, you can forget about making those once necessary seasonal changes of motor oil! Now, your Conoco Dealer has a wonder- ful new "all-season" motor oil — New Conoco Super Motor Oil in the can with the gold band. It's America's first Double-Duty motor oil, which means you get full-time protection against both major causes of engine wear. Oil-Plating conquers friction wear by plating a tough film of lubricant to engine surfaces. And it's a film that's sure to "stay put" even when your car's engine is stopped overnight ! Oil-Cleansing conquers corrosive wear by neutralizing combustion acids ... by hold- ing moisture in suspension ... by "sealing up" particles of dirt, dust, and refuse. New Conoco Super (in 5 W-20 and 10W-30 grades) gives you other benefits, too. It pro- motes safer starts and warm-ups . . . helps reduce pre-ignition . . . improves gas mileage up to 15% . . . coaxes maximum power from your high-octane fuel. Your Conoco Dealer has this "all-season" motor oil. Ask him for New Conoco Super Motor Oil in the can with the gold band. © 1955, Continental Oil Company Get Conoco All-Season Oil ... in the Can with the Gold Band OCTOBER 1955 727 CLABBER GIRL Here's a trick that makes a treat . . . baked apple doughnuts that have the airy lightness of a puffy deep-fat-fried doughnut yet are baked in muffin pans. The fla- vored freshness of new fall ap- ples plus flavor-fresh Clabber Girl make for a fine example of fresh ingredient baking. BAKED APPLE DOUGHNUTS Yield: 12 doughnuts 1 14 cups sifted all-purpose flour 1 % teaspoons Clabber Girl Baking Powder 14 teaspoon salt \4 teaspoon ground nutmeg \4 cup sugar H cup shortening 1 egg, beaten H cup milk XA cup grated raw apple }4 cup melted butter or margarine 14 cup sugar 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon Sift together flour, Baking Powder, salt, nutmeg, and \4 cup sugar. Cut in short- ening until mixture is fine. Mix together egg, milk, and apple; add all at once to dry ingredients and mix quickly but thoroughly. Fill greased 2)4 x lJ4-inch muffin pans % full. Bake in a 350° F. (moderate) oven 20 to 25 minutes, or until golden brown. Remove from pans. Immediately roll doughnuts in melted butter or margarine, then in sugar and cinnamon which have been mixed to- gether. Serve warm. Jvw&u J~iumj Remember, it's the fresh ingredients in your home-baked recipe that make things taste better; Stay fresh longer! CLABBER ghuY MOVfBTlSlOj is now Exclusively Known as the Baking Powder with the Balanced Double Action. ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE BOOR OF MORMON (Continued from page 726) horses had been found on the West- ern Hemisphere, and so science at that time was silent on the matter. However, after the Book of Mormon came from the press, geological dis- coveries made by scientists supported the claims made by that book and divine revelation by producing suffi- cient evidence to fully establish the fact ' . . . that immense herds of horses roamed the plains and forest of America centuries before its dis- covery by the Europeans, . . ."1(i On October 5, 1833, only three and one half years after the Book of Mor- mon came from the press, Charles Darwin, while on a scientific trip around the world, discovered ". . . the first evidence of the existence of an- cient horses" in South America. In reporting the foregoing evidence, Dar- win wrote: In the Pampaean deserts at the Bajada, ... I found also teeth of the Toxoden and Mastodon, and one tooth of a horse, in the same stained and decayed state. This lat- ter tooth greatly interested me (I need hardly state here that there is good evidence against any horse living in America at the time of Columbus) and I took scrupulous care in ascertaining that it had been im- bedded contemporaneously with the other remains; for I was not then aware that amongst the fossils from Bahia Blanca there was a horse's tooth hidden in the matrix, nor was it then known with certainty that the remains of horses are common in North America. Mr. Lyell had lately brought from the United States the tooth of a horse; . . . Certainly it is a marvelous fact in the history of the Mammalia that in South America a native horse should have lived and disappeared, to be succeeded in after ages by the countless herds descended from the few introduced with the Spanish colo- nists.17 In 1866, a scientist named Andrew Murray published the data then known on horses in ancient America. To quote: We know that the horse existed in the Old and New World both previous and subse- quent to the glacial epoch. . . . Extinct species are known belonging to three genera of horses in the drift or post-glacial de- posits of a recent period. . . . The oc- currence of a distinct rehabilitation of the common species by man in both South and North America. The first trace of it was discovered by Darwin. . . ,1S And then Murray concluded that ". . . it was well established that no 1GPack, op. cit., p. 243. 17Charles Darwin, Natural History and Geology of the Countries Visited During the Voyage of H. M. S. Beagle Round the World (New York, 1846), vol. 1, pp. 165-166. 18Andrew Murray, The Geographical Distribution of Animals (London, 1866), pp. 134-135. horse was living in America at the time of Columbus. . . ."iy This be- lief is still held by practically all writers. Only last year Dr. Paul Herrmann, a German scholar, stated that ". . . There were no horses in America prior to Columbus, . . ."20 Also, Robert Moorman Denhardt, who in 1947 wrote an entire volume on The Horse of the Americas, main- tained that: . . . Only the fossils of the original horse which inhabited the Western Hemisphere remained when Columbus reintroduced Spanish-bred mounts into the New World in 1493. ... In any case, when the Span- iards arrived, there were no horses.21 In Flower and Lydekker's work on Mammals, published in 1891, the fol- lowing statement appears: Fossil remains of horses are found abundantly in the deposits of the most re- cent geological age in almost every part of America, from Eschscholtz Bay in the north to Patagonia in the south. In that continent, however, they became quite ex- tinct, and no horses, either wild or domesti- cated, existed there at the time of the Span- ish conquest, which is the more remarkable as, when introduced from Europe, the horses that ran wild proved by their rapid multipli- cation in the plains of the South and Texas that the climate, food, and other circum- stances were highly favorable for their existence. The former great abundance of Equidae (horses) in America, their complete extinction, and their perfect acclimatization when re-introduced by men, form curious, but as yet unsolved problems in geographi- cal distribution." The American Museum of Natural History in New York City has de- voted considerable attention to the collecting of remains of ancient Amer- ican horses and has done extensive research in that field. The studies of the scientists connected with this institution have demonstrated that horses in ancient America ". . . range greatly in size, in fact even more than the diminutive Shetland, and the gi- gantic Clyde."23 In a pamphlet pub- lished in 1903 on the horse, under a topic headed "Fossil Remains of the Age of Man," the following statements are made: In the early part of the Quaternary Period, wild species of horse were to be found on every continent except Australia. Remains of these true native horses have 728 luIbid., p. 166. "°Paul Herrmann, Conquest by Man (New York, 1954), p. 180. a:1Robert Moorman Denhardt, The Horse of the Americas (Norman, Oklahoma, 1947), p. 5. "-Flower and Lydekker, Mammals (London, 1891), pp. 381-382. ^Pack, op. cit., p. 246. THE IMPROVEMENT ERA been found buried in the strata of this age in all parts of the United States, in Alaska, in Mexico, in Ecuador, Brazil, and Argen- tina, as well as in Europe, Asia, and Africa. All these horses were much like the living species and most of them are included in the genus Equus. . . . All these horses became extinct, both in North and South America. Why, we do not know. . . ,a A complete skeleton of a horse was found in northern Texas in 1899 by an expedition of scientists sent out by the American Museum of Natural History. Numerous specimens of fos- sil horses have been found in various parts of the United States, especially in Nebraska, Oregon, Florida, Texas, Arizona, Kansas, and Louisiana. The following is quoted from an official publication of the Los Angeles County Museum on the subject of existence of horses in early times in America as is evidenced from the finds made in the asphalt deposits of Rancho La Brea: The presence of herds of horses in the vicinity of the asphalt deposits during the period of accumulation is clearly testified to by the numerous remains of these mammals found at Rancho La Brea. While many individuals are recorded in the collections, all of them belong to a single species, the extinct western horse (Equus occidentalis Leidy). In stage of evolution and in gen- eral body structure this type resembles the modern horse, although differing from it in a number of specific details. Standing on the average about 14'/2 hands (4 feet, 10 inches) at the withers, this animal was of the height of a modern Arab horse. It was, however, of considerably heavier build. . . . These horses, like their living relatives, were one-toed animals. Limb and body are supported by the enlarged third toe, while slender splintlike bones represent the elements which during an earlier history of the horse group were more fully de- veloped and carried the second and fourth toes. The hoofs in the Rancho La Brea species are distinctly smaller and more slender than in the larger type of existing horses. In this respect again, a greater resemblance is seen to exist with the asses and zebras. The species, Equus occidentalis, has been known heretofore by isolated teeth and fragmentary skull material collected in Pleistocene deposits in Tuolumne County and in the Buena Vista Lake region of Kern County. Following indentification of this form on the basis of the complete re- mains at Rancho La Brea, Equus occi- dentalis has been recorded from several ad- ditional Pleistocene locations in California. It is now known by many specimens that have been recovered from the asphalt de- posits of McKittrick. Horses were among the more common types of hoofed mammals on the North American continent during Pleistocene time (Continued on page 732) Enjoy America's smartest si.li* service to America's smartest winter playgrounds $>cLOS ANGELES JOrSAN DIEGO 4£pALM SPRINGS ;6cLAS VEGAS $':PHOENIX ^TUCSON Euxnry beyond compare. ..nut wo extra fare J WESTERN AIRLINES 2VW. D. Matthew, Supplement to American Museum Journal (New York, January, 1903), cited in ibid. OCTOBER 1955 729 J AS GENERAL ELECTRIC SEES IT..m Here are 5 ways to For every 5 new engineers industry needed this year, there were only 3 graduated from U. S. colleges In 1955, U. S. industry had jobs for an esti- mated 37,000 engineers; our colleges grad- uated 21,500.""" This shortage, typical of recent years, is creating an increasingly serious problem — for engineers and sci- entists hold the key to progress in this swift-moving technological age. At General Electric, for example, nearly 17,500 of our people are trained in engi- neering or science, and we have oppor- tunities for a thousand more technically trained people each year. The need may double in the next 10 years. As we see it, industry, working with edu- cational institutions, can do much to solve the shortage. On these two pages are some of the things we believe will help: * Estimates are from the Engineering Manpower Commission of the Engineers Joint Council. 3 Help schools financially. Nearly half of U. S. ■ colleges operate in the red. Since 1922, G.E.'s aid-to-education program has included fellowships, scholarships, and other financial support. In addi- tion, the General Electric Educational and Char- itable Fund matches, dollar for dollar up to $1,000 a year, contributions by each employee to his college. For a detailed discussion of our views on "Basic Relations Between Education and the Economy" write General Electric, Depart- ment M2-119, Schenectady, New York. ■ill help solve Americas critical shortage of engineers IHelp guide young people's careers. More high-school students ■ will take the courses they need to become engineers if they know of the wide opportunities in the field. Since the 1920's, General Electric has tried to create interest by distributing a variety of school training aids. (Above, a teacher counsels students, using a G-E career guidance booklet, "Why Study Math?") In the past 10 years, schools have requested 63,000,000 copies of our training aids. 4 Educate employees on the job. The development of young people ■ must continue after they start to work. At General Electric, we have 12 formal educational programs ; the oldest — Engineering — was started nearly 60 years ago. (Above, Clarence Linder, Vice- President — Engineering Services, reviews work of engineers en- rolled in our Creative Engineering Program.) More than 10,000 tech- nically trained men and women have participated in these programs. 2 Bring businessmen and educators together. An understanding of ■ the role math and science play in business can help teachers pre- pare students for careers. The group above is the latest of 1,450 high- school teachers to attend G.E.-sponsored summer fellowship pro- grams. Here they have the opportunity to study at several leading colleges and to see firsthand the value of their work to business. We have also conducted conferences for college educators since 1924. C Encourage self-development. Young people with aptitude should be helped to move ahead. For example, the young men above joined our Apprentice Training Program as high-school graduates in 1949; this year they are graduate engineers from the U. of New Hampshire after a 6-year work-and-study program sponsored by our Meter Department. Donald E. Craig, General Manager of the De- partment, congratulates the men and welcomes them to full-time jobs. Progress /s Our Most Important Product GENERAL ELECTRIC ?/„„, WROVEMENT ERAS Will be d5ound ^runctdomelu lor onlu $30Q 31 RICHARDS STREET ... in the West's finest bindery at the Deseret News Press. Retain for permanent use the excellent instruction and outstanding articles of lasting inter- est that appear monthly in your Improvement Era. You may have your editions of the Era handsomely bound now in cloth-covered book form with gold stamping. Cost is just $3 (pre-paid), plus neces- sary postage, for an entire year's issues. Use the following rate guide to determine postage costs. All mail orders must be paid in advance. Distance from Salt Lake City, Utah Rate Up to 150 miles 43 150 to 300 miles .49 300 to 600 miles 59 600 to 1000 miles 73 1000 to 1400 miles 88 1400 to 1800 miles 1.06 Over 1800 miles 1.23 Deseret News Press THE WEST'S FINEST PRINTERS AND BINDERS PHONE EM 4-2581 SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH For the Church You Cherish ♦ ♦♦ a Wicks Pipe Organ 1 here is no substitute for the grandeur of a traditional pipe organ to enhance the beauty and dignity of religious services. And, there is no pipe organ so true to this great tradition as the Wicks. That is why so many of our greatest churches have chosen Wicks above all others. Yet, we feel that our greatest achievement is building the same magnificent tonal quality into the Wicks Organs for smaller churches. May we show you how, even on a modest budget, your church can have an incomparable Wicks Organ? Or, perhaps, we can rebuild your present organ. A letter will bring you full details. Wicks Organ Company • Highland, Illinois Archaeology and the Book of Mormon (Continued from page 729) and several distinct species have been de- scribed from fossil remains. The abun- dance and widespread distribution of horses in North America make the apparent disap- pearance of the group in this region prior to the advent of the white man an added and an unusual feature of their long and eventful career.25 Denhardt suggests that in the earli- est of times the horse may have orig- inated in America. To quote: It seems only right that America, ap- parently designed by nature to provide an ideal home for the horse, may be the foun- tainhead of equine existence. . . .20 . . . During these long ages the early horse was extremely abundant, and at least four migrations took place from the New World to the Old. Of these migrations, only the last group of wanderers survived. In the Americas the original stock died out completely. From Manitoba to Patagonia the horse disappeared from the Western Hemisphere. With the advent of the Spanish con-- quistadores, the American horse, after wan- dering far over the earth, journeyed again to what may well have been his homeland and to his rightful place in the history of the hemisphere. Thus moving ever west- ward around the globe, the horse had at last returned to the plains of America — a unique American Odyssey.27 Thus the claims made by the Book of Mormon of horses in ancient Amer- ica are supported by the numerous fossil remains of horses that have been obtained, not only in the asphalt deposits of southern California, but also from numerous places through- out the Americas. Furthermore, many writers have made available to the public a vast amount of information regarding the existence of horses on the Western Hemisphere in ancient times. In a recent study (1951) on the history of the horse, George Gaylord Simpson gives the view usually pre- sented by writers of our day. For example, he wrote: The extinction of horses over the whole of North and South America, ... is one of the most mysterious episodes of animal history. There is no doubt about the fact, but the reason for it is doubtful to say the least.28 (Continued on page 734) 732 ^Chester Stock, Rancho La Brca, A Record of Pleistocene Life in California (Los Angeles), pp. 42- 43. ^'Denhardt, op. cit., p. 5. '"Ibid., p. 9. ^George Gaylord Simpson, Horses, The Story of the Horse Family in the Modern World and Through . Sixty Million Years of History (New York, 1951), p. 148. THE IMPROVEMENT ERA IT'S PERFORMANCE THAI COUNTS! CAPTAIN JOE S. ANDERSON tells why he uses Flite-Fuei "I'm Captain of an American Airlines DC-7 Flag- ship. I know that Phillips 66 Aviation Gasoline is outstanding for performance because we use it regularly. In ' Avgas' it's performance that counts . . . and I judge automobile gasoline the same way. "In my car I use Phillips 66 Flite-Fuel. Flite- Fuel is the only automobile gasoline with added Di-isopropyl, a high-powered aviation fuel compo- nent. It gives wonderful performance in my car." ArSitper fierfiMn&ncef If it's top performance you want, fill up with powerful new Flite-Fuel. Today's Flite-Fuel is better than ever. Both new Flite-Fuel and new Phillips 66 Gasoline have been fortified for increased power, higher octane, longer mileage. Both Flite-Fuel and Phillips 66 Gasoline are cleaner burning, so they need no anti-fouling additive. Remember, the one real test of motor fuel is: how it performs in your car. Try a tankful at your Phillips 66 Dealer's. Phillips Petroleum Company In Driveway Service, too ffi TtetJbrmwce 7ft*f Counts? SEE YOUR PHILLIPS 66 DEALER! OCTOBER 1955 733 KITCHEI1 CHflRm WAXED PAPER KEEPS FOOD FRESHER LONGER! • POPULAR WITH MILLIONS OF HOUSEWIVES... AT ALL LEADING GROCERS ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE BOOK OF MORMON Samsonite folding chairs are strongest... last longest! Samsonite folding furniture is smart, sturdy, wonderfully com- fortable. It lasts longest, saves money over the years! Most group- seating experts insist on Samsonite! — * 1 Shwayder Bros. Public Seating Division, Dept. 17. Detroit 29, Michigan Send Information Q Have Representative Call □ Name Organization_ Address Citv _Zone_ _State_ Also Makers of Samsonite luggage. Card Tables and Chair-s (Continued from page 732) Dr. Alfred S. Romer discussed the various finds of horse remains in southwestern United States and then he concluded: There is a very strong evidence that horses, two genera of camels, a mammoth, the sloth, Nothr other ium, two extinct genera of "antelopes," and the giant "cat," Felix Aatrox, existed in the southwest in com- paratively modern post-Pleistocene times. This immediately suggests a comparison with the La Brea fauna, of which these forms are typical members.29 Dr. Frederick J. Pack stated that Professor W. D. Matthew of the (Continued on page 736) -••Alfred S. Romer, In Jenness, The American Aborig- ines (1933), p. 72, cited in John A. Widtsoe and Franklin S. Harris, Jr., Seven Claims of the Book of Mormon (Independence, 1936), p. 80. y> >*^K9v^^>j>^X3v£nS:5X!>5S^^ OL Be eammna or ^Jkl Richard L. Evans T ast week we spoke of the beginning of things — of men *J who have had the courage to move into uninhabited places, and to make good beginnings. Today we should like to turn to another side of the subject: of the beginning of trends and tendencies > of the beginnings of habits; of quar- rels; of good or bad qualities of character; of the beginnings of the symptoms of siokness. So often we ignore the first symptoms. So often we wait until things are well under- way before we think they are serious or significant. So often we wait until we are ill before we are willing to live in a way that would have kept our health when we had it. Too much of our lives comes under the category of trying to correct things that shouldn't have happened. No doubt we should learn better the practice of preventive medicine. There is a premium for preventing things from happening that shouldn't happen. Sanitation comes under this category — preventing disease from getting started, rather than curing epidemics. Safety comes under this category — preventing accidents from happening, rather than rushing to the scene of an accident with an ambulance. Fire prevention comes under this cate- gory-— keeping things from beginning to burn, rather than running in with the hose and the ax after the fire has done its damage. Beginnings! Symptoms! If we would only watch the beginnings of things and live as we ought to live, we could save ourselves many heartaches and spare our- selves many things that have no right or reason to get started, and we could prevent many tragic break-ups between people who ought to keep close to one another. If we would watch the symptoms in our boys and girls, the attitudes they have, the directions they tend to take, and keep close to them, we could prevent many tragic errors. (We have a right to parental intuition and to the guidance of Divine Providence in meeting the problems of young people, if we will live for it — and watch beginnings.) If we would watch symptoms, first showings, beginnings, we could come closer to keeping healthy, to keeping happy, to keeping sound, to keeping solvent, and would not spend so much of our effort in trying to stop things that never should have gotten a good start. The beginnings of things — watch beginnings! -Jke, S^pokevi vWoi'd 734 jpohen, worn from temple square PRESENTED OVER KSL AND THE COLUMBIA BROADCASTING SYSTEM, JULY 31, 1955 Copyright, 1955 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA Give her "Country Good" NABISCO SUGAR HONEY GRAHAMS wholesome as Nature! Nature puts her best into NABISCO Sugar Honey GRAHAMS— pure country- honey, nutritious "real" graham flour. And NABISCO bakes them to a golden- brown, tender-crisp deliciousness. Give them to the youngsters between meals. They digest easily — don't "spoil appetites." This is the kind with the flavor you like — the quality you can trust. NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY NOW EACH CRACKER BREAKS INTO PERFECT SIZE FOR EASY EATING. OCTOBER 1955 735 don't let moisture damage your home PROTECT NOW with 7%om/D4cn'4 WATER SEAL ...the transparent, deep-pene- trating compound that LOCKS MOISTURE OUT, permanently. TWS PREVENTS: Sticking doors and windows Moisture-induced peeling of paint Seepage in concrete or plaster walls Mildew in damp areas Rotting of leather and fabrics TWS PROTECTS: Wood • Mortar • Stucco • Concrete Plaster • Linoleum • Brick • Stone Tile • Canvas • Leather • Fabrics Get TWS today for protection that pays for itself — sold in convenient pint, quart and gallon cans. ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE BOOK OF MORMON (Continued from page 734) American Museum of Natural His- tory, New York City, . . . one of the foremost scientists, thinks it not impossible that some [horses] may have lingered on as late at the fifteenth century. . . . He implies that a few of them may have lived down to the time of Colum- bus.:!0 To quote Dr. Matthew: ... It is very probable that man . . . played a large part in extinguishing the race [of horses]. . . . Whatever the cause, the horse had disappeared from the New World when the white man invaded it (unless a few individuals still lingered on the remote plains of South America), and in his place the bison had come and spread over die prairies of the North.31 30Frederick J. Pack, "Revelation Ante-Dating Scien- tific Discovery — An Instance," The Improvement Era (Salt Lake City, June, 1907), vol. 10, pp. 596-597. ;!1W. D. Matthew, Supplement to American Muscur: Journal (2nd ed., New York, May, 1905), cited ii ibid. Available Now At Your Local LUMBER DEALER Distributed by MORRISON-MERRILL & CO. Building Material Distributors 736 J he {Question or \c^mulna Richard L. Evans Summer has all but slipped away. Every year it happens— more swiftly it seems — and the passing of summer brings with it decisions — decisions particularly for young people — ■ decisions as to what to do for the future: whether or not to return to school; whether or not to quit or to stay with what they have started in life's long period of preparation. There is much reason for sympathy with young people in the decisions they face these days. First of all, they don't altogether own their own lives — young men especially. Be- sides the more or less "normal" reasons for restlessness, they have added obligations placed upon them, and are faced with perennial and repeated intrusions upon their plans— all of which adds an element of uncertainty. And often there seems to be something intangibly contagious in the very air and atmosphere, that prompts giving up prolonged prepara- tion to satisfy immediate demands. But one of the great lessons of life is to learn to appreciate the opportunities for preparation, despite uncertainties and interruptions. And one of the great characteristics of youth is to have the cour- age and faith to face the future. It is true that there often are real reasons for restlessness. But sometimes young peo- ple quit without real cause to quit. Sometimes they quit because they feel that they must have more money — that they must "work awhile," that they will stay out "only this one year." But time goes so very quickly, and a year in which we merely mark time or simply succumb to restlessness is likely to be a lost year. And so we suggest to you who are young: That you 'settle down and make the most of your opportunities for preparation, for development, for service, for seeing things through. The best thing you can do for yourself, your country, your family, and your future is to make yourself as capable and competent as you can. The best thing you can do for your own life and your loved ones is to make good beginnings as to the solid things, solid learn- ing, solid living — to begin to build solidly, to endure to the end, to see things through.* Uke Spoken Word from temple square PRESENTED OVER KSL AND THE COLUMBIA BROADCASTING SYSTEM, AUGUST 7, 1955 Copyright, 1955 *Rcviscd. THE IMPROVEMENT ERA "Alfred Sherwood Romer places man in America when horses were still here."32 George Gaylord Simp- son (1951) presented a number of possible causes for the extermination of horses in both North and South America, maintaining that they were still here, however, while these conti- nents were inhabited by man. To quote: Did man possibly kill off the horses? It is now clear that wild horses still survived both in North and South America when the earliest Indians reached these lands . . . These Indians probably killed horses for food — but in North America they certainly killed large numbers of bison, and bison did not become extinct. If horses were already on the wane, the herds becoming few and weak, then persecution by man might have provided the finishing touch. It is, however, almost inconceivable that the Indians alone put an end to the whole vast population of the late Pleistocene horse over so enormous an area.33 Simpson also stated: There are, indeed, persistent legends that wild horses still lived in the Argentine when the Spaniards arrived there and that their blood is mingled with that of jinetas in the feral pampas horses, but careful study by A. Cabrera and others indicates that these legends are just legends.34 The writer checked this possibility by writing to the Departments of Agriculture of each of the South American countries. A reply was re- ceived from practically all of them. Those who replied were all in agree- ment that there were no horses in South America at the time of the Spanish conquest, and so it is evident that they have accepted the prevalent viewpoint of the complete extermina- tion of horses before Columbus dis- covered the New World. Although almost all writers main- tain that the horse had been exter- minated in the western hemisphere before the arrival of Columbus, it is extremely difficult to explain how wild horses became so numerous in both South and North America so quickly following the arrival of the first Span- ish conquistador es; for example, in 1535 at Buenos Aires, Pedro Mendoza is reported to ". . . have turned loose five mares and seven horses, although it seems more probable that they would have been salted down for provisions"35 Forty-five ye&rs later, the following was reported: ... At the second founding of Buenos Aires in 1580, Juan Garay found that the (Continued on following page) :-'Denhardt, op. cit., p. 5. ::33impson, op. cit., p. 150. ■^Ibid., p. 147. ■^'Dernhardt, op. cit., p. 34. OCTOBER 1955 Your captain and crew will sail into this OYSTER-TUNA BUCCANEER e$sy seape tntfe with. . . White Star Tender Tuna Cuts OYSTER-TUNA BUCCANEER • Cook M/2 cups elbow macaroni as directed on package. While it cooks, melt 2 tablespoons butter. Stir in 1 '/; tablespoons flour and liquid from 1 can Willapoint Brand Oyster Stew. Cook, stirring, until smooth. Add I cup diced proc- ess Cheddar cheese. Heat gently until cheese is melted. Mix with drained macaroni. Add 1 can (6'/2- or 7-oz.) White Star Brand Tuna, coarsely flaked, and oysters from stew. Heat and serve at once. Or pour into shallow 1 '/j- qt. baking dish, dot top with thin tomato wedges and bake at 375° (moderate] 15 to 20 min. Makes 4 servings. Look /or -ffje Blonde Metmld On the label for America's Greatest Names in Sea Food, and in the Pirate Ship Restaurant at Disneyland. CHICKEN OF THE SEA, INCORPORATED, a Division of Van Camp Sea Food Company, Inc., Terminal Island, California 737 Ground-in dirt makes work clothes a problem on washday. But not if you pro- tect them with the Faultless Starch-Rinse. The light finish of starch helps keep dirt on the surface, requires less hard scrub- bing next washday. See directions below for the famous Faultless Starch-Rinse. Children's play clothes require less scrubbing, too, if you give them the pro- tection of the Faultless Starch-Rinse. It requires no separate starching job. You starch and rinse in one easy operation. Directions for the Faultless Starch-Rinse are given below. How to make "problem" articles easy to wash and iron Sheets and pillow cases look better, are easier to iron if you give them a light finish of Faultless Starch. They stay fresh longer, feel cool, comfortable. R's no problem to give linens this "hotel" finish if you use the Faultless Starch-Rinse. Easy directions are below. Tea towels won't shed lint on glasses if the "fuzz" is smoothed down with a light finish of Faultless Starch. They're easier to iron, too, because Faultless Starch contains ironing-aids. R's so easy to do if you use the Faultless Starch-Rinse. See directions below. Overalls and jeans will be no problem next washday if you give them a light starching with the Faultless Starch-Rinse. They need less scrubbing and are easier to iron. Give everything you wash the Faultless Starch-Rinse. See next panel for easy directions. How to do the Faultless Starch-Rinse: Simply add 2 qts. of extra thick hot starch (made according to directions on the Faultless Starch box) to your last tub of rinse water. Rinse and wring as usual. You'll find this makes problem articles easy to wash and iron. WARNING: Starch only. 738 The method described above has been tested and proved for Faultless Perfect results cannot be assured if any other starch is used. Archaeology and the Book of Mormon (Continued from preceding page) whole province was full of wild horses. The herds flooded the entire pampas, from the shores of the Rio de la Plata to the Rio Negro, and were even found in large numbers in Patagonia. Father Bernabe Cobo, S. J., says that in Rio Grande do Sul a horse was worth nothing. To illustrate how numerous horses became, there was a common saying, "In Montevideo the beggars ride.":M Denhardt explained that: The Spaniards did not know for a num- ber of years that there were no horses in the New World. In fact, until some time after Columbus' death they thought that there were. Columbus himself on his fourth voyage wrote the King: "It was told that those on the shore of Veragua [Pan- ama] had horses which they used in battle.™7 Drs. John A. Widtsoe and Franklin S. Harris, Jr., arrived at the following conclusion: . . . Some doubt has been cast upon the Book of Mormon account which mentions horses because there is no record of horses having been in America at the time of the early explorers. It is well known, however, that the horse was numerous and wide- spread on the American continent in recent geological times, and the absence of the mention of the horse in the scant records of the first explorers is not a proof that the horse was not really there, in fact evidence of the pre-Columbian use in South America of horses for burden bearing seemed con- clusive.38 If there were horses still living on either of the American continents at the time of the discoverv of the West- J ern Hemisphere and its occupation by Europeans, that portion of the study regarding horses in America awaits further investigation and the accumu- lation of much more evidence. Now let us have a brief look at evidence which shows that the Ameri- can Indians were acquainted with horses and actually domesticated and used them before the coming of the Europeans. Such evidence may indi- cate the continuance of the use of horses following the close of the Book of Mormon records. Indian pictographs on the rock walls of shallow caves and canyon ledges, carved in the most out-of-the- way and difficult terrains in the west- ern portion of the United States, clearly show that the Indians were acquainted with horses; for example, mud., p. 35. ^Ibid., p. 28. ^Widtsoe and Harris, op. cit., p. 80. THE IMPROVEMENT ERA there is a likeness of a wild horse carved on the edge of a cliff in Pic- ture Canyon, Cimarron County, Oklahoma. W. Douglas Hartley wrote the following regarding this horse: The unbridled horse was found in Pic- ture Canyon some two or three miles up from the Hallock Park ranch house. The fact that the lower part of the legs is not shown perhaps indicates that the horse, being both wild and fleet-footed, could not be approached closely enough for the artist to observe the hoof formation.38 It is impossible to obtain the exact date of the carving of this horse, but it is believed by those who have studied it that this pictograph could date during the B. C. period or be- tween that period and the eighth century A.D. Certainly it is main- tained that such a carving was made before the discovery of America and the bringing of horses to this land by the Spaniards. If such is the case, the carving of the unbridled horse in Picture Canyon was not influenced by those events. The following is quoted from an article written by W. Douglas Hartley: . . . The findings indicate the presence of men in Oklahoma much earlier than had been suspected. Certainly these carv- ings were done by people more primitive than the ones who built the well-known dwellings at Mesa Verda, Chaco Canyon, and other sites. The cliff dwellers are be- lieved to have made their communities sometime after the Eighth Century. Every- thing found in the Cimarron, however, points to greater antiquity.40 Also the same author states that ". . . without doubt, some of these rec- ords go back hundreds of years before Christ."41 If that statement is true, the records would date into early Nephite times and perhaps into the Jaredite period. Other pictographs made by Pueblo Indians of the southwest definitely show the Indians not only knew of wild horses, but also that they do- mesticated and rode them, as the il- lustrations indicate. It is impossible to give the exact date of their picto- graphs, but it is quite certain that they were made before the Indians had contact with white man and obtained horses from them. Frank Waters, in his intensely in- teresting and scholarly book on the Navajo and Pueblo Indians, main- (Continued on following page) 30W. Douglas Hartley, "Indian Drawings of the Cimarron County," Ford Times, p. 34. mbid., p. 34. ^lbid., p. 36. OCTOBER 1955 :v:v:::::::::::::::::::::::::::;:;::^ NOW! Feed your Calves this MODERN WAY! A 2 quart PLASTIC Suckle bottle and rubber calf nipple for ONE DOLLAR! Absolutely unbreakable. Won't rust or crack — will not dent — weighs only 8 ounces — withstands boiling water — acid — cold — tested at Car- nation Farms — plus new design — - heavy duty — calf size nipple that won't pull off, or clog — pre-punched hole. Here's the New Way to Feed Calves No wasted ingredients, because no min- eral or vital nutrients can settle out in plastic bottles. Polyethylene Suckle calf bottle is trans- lucent and calibrated from 1 to 3 pts. for easy measuring. 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London RCA Victor Columbia A Complete Hi-Fi Dept. • MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS Martin Pedler Holton Gretsch Guitars • SHEET MUSIC and all MUSICAL ACCESSORIES "We deal only in merchandise of proven quality . . . stand back of everything we sell . . . strive to sell at a fair price/' Daunes Music 14-5 NORTH UNIVERSITY, PROVO^'2260 WASHINGTON BlYD.,OGDEN WE RENT Costumes For All Occasions We Also Sell Costume Fabrics and Trimmings Distributor of the American Flag Send for FREE Catalogue SALT LAKE COSTUME CO. 248 So. Main Salt Lake City, Utah ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE BOOK OF MORMON (Continued from preceding page) tained that horses roamed the south- ern Rocky Mountain region of the United States during the days of the "Cliff Dwellers." To quote: . . . the first people grasp at the Rock. Shuddering with fear they looked down at the dangers lurking below — at the moun- tains smoking on the far horizon; the camels and lumbering mammoths, the thundering herds of bison and wild horses, and the savage beasts which preyed upon them; . •. ,42 The evidence presented in this arti- cle definitely shows that before the Prophet Joseph Smith published his translation of the ancient records it was the universally accepted belief that no horses existed on the Western Hemisphere previous to their intro- duction by the Spaniards; and then the Book of Mormon came forth with definite statements not only of the existence of horses in ancient America but also of their domestication and use by man throughout a period of many hundreds of years. Shortly thereafter science came to the rescue of the Book of Mormon claims regard- ing horses by discovering sufficient skeletons which supply irrefutable evidence that vast bands of horses roamed the Americas in prehistoric times and probably for an indefinite period after the coming of man to the New World. In addition to the numerous fossil remains of horses that have been ob- tained from the asphalt deposits of Rancho La Brea in southern Cali- fornia and elsewhere, the Indian pictographs of Picture Canyon, Okla- homa, and those of the Pueblo In- dians of the southwestern part of the '^Frank Waters, Masked Cods — Navahn and Pueblo Cermonialism (Albuquerque, 1950), p. 21. United States, lend additional support to the claims made by the Book of Mormon that horses were on this continent during the Jaredite and Nephite periods and that they were used in ancient America for purposes similar to the use we make of them today. The claim may be made that all the fossil remains of horses pre-date Book of Mormon times; but since science has definitely proved that horses were in both of the Americas in large bands prior to the arrival of the Jaredites and the Nephites, there is no logical reason for believing that they could not have still been here during the period in which those ancient civiliza- tions flourished. There is no doubt that such was the case since the Book of Mormon makes that claim, and also the Lord himself has declared the truthfulness of that record to Martin Harris, stating, ". . . the Book of Mor- mon, . . . contains the truth and the word of God—"4" Speaking of Joseph Smith and the Book of Mormon, the Master bore the following testimony to the three witnesses: And he [Joseph] has translated the book, even that part which I have commanded him, and as your Lord and your God liveth it is true.44. Thus, the author concludes that during the time which has passed since the days of the Prophet Joseph Smith, modern science has sustained latter-day revelation and vindicated the claims made in the Book of Mor- mon that horses lived in ancient America. (To be continued) «D. & C. 19:26. "Ibid.,- 17:6. RICHES AT YOIR FEET (Continued from page 711) commercial fertilizer. If you dig the ground well in the fall, working into it a reasonable amount of humus, it should be mellow and easily culti- vated as soon as it is dry enough in the spring. There are endless books and maga- zines and extension programs cover- ing the important subject of garden- ing. But the point we are concerned with is the ultimate relationship be- tween this oldest of the arts of man 740 and his material and spiritual salva- tion. It may be we are reaching a crisis in human destiny by overplaying the herd instinct which sends us into a stampede for services furnished by someone else, while our own contri- bution to the whole is constantly nar- rowing. The biblical dictum about earning our bread by the sweat of our brow had a very literal applica- tion in Old Testament times and has continued to be in high repute THE IMPROVEMENT ERA through most of the world's history. Yet, suddenly we find ourselves de- pending on specialists for all our food. They grow it; they transport it; they process it. We wait for it in a tense, feverish society, constantly exposed to the ills of war, famine, and all forms of economic dislocation. Not that specialization is bad — it has brought us many great and last- ing advantages. Still, like other good things, it can be overdone. If we are, as some say, trying to learn more and more about less and less, we'll be wise to put a few roots in the ground and start making a material contact with the Creator of all things. As Harry Harker always said, "A dol- lar saved is a dollar earned." But this is only part of it. The cultural and spiritual values of a garden are in- estimable. The garden is a common factor which encourages parents and children to work, rejoice, and worship together. Considered on the material side, some of the basic lessons in finance can be learned in connection with the home garden. Sharpen your pen- cil and start juggling a few figures. Suppose you save five hundred dol- lars a year, which is a modest possi- bility even in ordinary times: In five years you will have twenty-five hun- dred dollars in surplus cash if you have properly integrated this bonus nature has thrown back to you with the rest of your income. You can buy stocks, bonds, and real estate; and the moment you lay the cash on the line, you've increased your in- come again, for you have started a sum of money to work for you. Meanwhile, don't forget the five hundred dollars a year saved by the garden will continue to be to your advantage as long as you do your part with a few extra man-hours. Since the garden should be a family affair rather than an individual re- sponsibility, we are entitled to add woman-hours and child-hours, for running the home garden is not slave labor. It is an adventure in under- standing, an investment in happiness and spiritual growth. Recently a young man said to me, "I've spent several thousand dollars on my hobby, but I think it is money well spent, for it gives me an oppor- tunity to get outdoors and preserve my health." 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Bldg., Suite 102-103, Dept. 1055, 336 So. 5th East Salt Lake City, Utah Phone EM 4-1931 "America's Total Abstainers Automobile Insurance Company" — Sam Morris, President Riches at Your Feet (Concluded from preceding page) expenditures. But for millions of modestly paid clerks and artisans, his program would be out of the question. For them the home garden, with its rich rewards in health, wealth, and general well-being, is the logical solu- tion. In your own garden you may find security, peace, and God. 742 Little No-Name's Grandson (Continued from page 706) He saw pictures of the railroad and the streamliners and was pleased that he was right. Little Grandson would learn about the railroad. Then he said, "I will leave Little Grandson here at the school." Then the teacher spoke. "There is not room in the school for this boy. There are already thirty-six children, and they are sleeping two in a bed." The old man sat in silence a long time, and the teacher spoke again. "The principal phoned me not to take any more children. We already have more children than the govern- ment has given money for. Some day there will be schools for all the children." Then the old man and the boy went out and got into their wagon. On the way back it began to hail, and Little Grandson said, "I will drive the horses for you, Grand- father." "That is good," said the old man. "You will drive the horses, and I will think about the stumbling block in our path." Then he hunched over in deep con- templation about how Little Grand- son could not wait ... it is the white people who are getting ahead with the Power-that-comes-from-the- Knowledge! Little Grandson needed that power. He could see his people in a closed circle, like a corral around them. Little Grandson must go in a straight line, he concluded. They must look two-ways — to the past and to the future. Then he spoke with great deliberation, slowly and firmly. "Little Grandson, I must give you to a white man. You will live with him. He will be your father. He (Concluded on page 744) THE IMPROVEMENT ERA JUST TO KEEP THE TIME OF DAY .,« Just to keep the time of day, the early pioneers brought the parts of First National's old clock to Salt Lake valley by ox cart. The "old clock" at First South and Main was once powered by wet cell batteries, and it is now powered by electricity. It continues to. keep accurate, dependable time season after season. The same reliable characteristics are found in the bank which stands on the old clock corner. Accurate, friendly service and sound management have become a tradition at First National. It's more than first . . . it's FIRST JVA TIONAL BANK BY MAIL First National pays the postage and furnishes the envelopes for both savings and checking accounts. FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF SALT LAKE CITY i \ v. 1st South and Main • \ Salt Lake City, Utah David 0. McKay, President \ OrvalW. Adams, Exec. 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For full information, write or call HILLAM'S 54 Post Office Place Salt Lake City, Utah Phone EM 3-5417 Little No-Name's Grandson (Concluded from page 742) will give you the power of the Knowl- edge. He will put you on the Think- ing-road." Little Grandson noticed a water in his grandfather's eye, and did not an- swer. Then, as they were passing the White Mesa again, he whispered, "All is beauty." "All is beauty," the old man said. He felt a great relief. Little Grand- son would remember him by his right name. Little Grandson would know for sure that Son-of-Former-Witch was a wrong name. 744 A Disgrace to the Family (Continued from page 718) turned her head and went quickly up the stairs to her room. David called to say he wouldn't be home un- til late, and so Norma went to bed early and cried herself to sleep. She was surprised to awake next morning with a feeling of peace. She wondered why, and then suddenly she knew. She could still meet Gramps' honest old eyes without shame. She lay quite still listening for the creak of the wheelbarrow. Silence greeted her. Maybe Gramps had hauled all the bricks he needed last evening. Wasn't he a remarkable old man! She must get up and see that he had a good breakfast. Maybe he was al- ready working. She looked out the back window, but there was no sign of Gramps. She went down the hall and knocked gently on Gramps' door, and when there was no answer, opened the door and then stood there, her heart beating in kind of a crazy frenzy. The bed hadn't been slept in, and Gramps' brown shopping bag was gone! "Gramps is gone!" Norma was shaking David. "His bed hasn't been slept in." "He can't be far." David sounded anxious, too. "Maybe he took a no- tion to sleep outdoors." "Stop talking, David, and do some- thing! Maybe Minnie knows." Minnie knew. She calmly squeezed oranges and said, "I told the old man off good and plenty last night after (Concluded on page 746) THE IMPROVEMENT ERA EAST ENSIGN WARD Architect : T. R. Pope Mason-Contractor : Therace H. Duncan Supervisor : Arthur Allen Exposed Buehner Block interior walls are "high style" in interior decor, not only in fine homes, but in schools and churches as well. These block walls are not only attractive in appearance, but they help stretch the building dollar, saving both on initial cost; and interior finishing costs. These Buehner Block walls are easy to keep up, and they have important sound-absorbing values — an especially important consideration in recreation halls, corridors, and classrooms. Outside, it's Buehner Block, too — the same attractive four-inch-high units are used for the exterior walls and retaining walls. These block walls have a contemporary look, they're economical, and easy to maintain — perfect choice for today's schools and churches. Inside and out . . . it's OCTOBER 1955 autoclave-cured Buehner Block 745 A DISGRACE TO THE EAMILY (Concluded from page 744) you'd gone to bed, Mrs. Sawyer. How he'd come here, a disgrace to the fam- ily, and ruined the doctor's chances, and—" "Minnie, you didn't!" David's words were an agonized gasp. "Why, I owe everything to Gramps!" Minnie looked at Norma with genu- ine surprise. "Wasn't that the way Mrs. Sawyer felt about him?" "I was temporarily insane!" Norma cried. "I had my sense of values all tangled. But I was wrong, Minnie! Putting on a big show isn't the way for David to build a good practice." She collapsed, weeping in David's arms. "I wouldn't give one hair of Gramps' head for a hundred stuffed shirts, and now he's gone, and it's all my fault! Call the police, David. We've got to find Gramps so I can tell him how much I love him!" "No call to go botherin' the law." At the sound of Gramps' voice Norma turned to see the old man standing in the kitchen doorway, shopping bag in hand. \ "I come back. I ain't never run away from a prob- lem before, and I'm too danged old to learn now." "Oh, Gramps!" Norma's arms went around his neck. "We love you, and we're proud of you. We — " "I know. I heered what you said." Gramps patted her shoulder. "But maybe Minnie's right. I disgraced David. I got to apologize — " David said, "If they're snobs, I don't want them for patients." The telephone rang, and Minnie answered it. "It's for you, Mrs. Sawyer. It's Mrs. Schuyler Payne." "One word against Gramps, and I'll — " Norma took the receiver. "Hello!" "My dear," Mrs. Payne's voice came pleasantly over the wire. "Thank you for inviting me to that delightful party. Your Miss Pres- cott was such an interesting person, but it was Gramps — " her voice was a delighted chuckle; "he's the most re- freshing personality I have ever met." "Why — why, thank you, Mrs. Payne." "And Mrs. Sawyer, would you please ask the doctor to stop by and see Father this morning? His stomach is bothering him again." Mrs. Payne lowered her voice. "Frankly, I don't think there's a thing wrong with him but boredom! I do wish Gramps could get Father interested in building an outdoor fireplace!" "Perhaps he could. Maybe — " "Really, he is the most remarkable old man. I know that just meeting him would pep Father up. Do you suppose it could be arranged?" "I'm sure it can, Mrs. Payne. Thank you for calling. Good-bye." Norma turned and looked at Gramps standing there in the blue- striped shirt and the black trousers. "That was Mrs. Payne, Gramps. It seems that all the women at the party fell madly in love with you, and Mrs. Payne wants to know if you will please show her father how to build a fireplace." CONFERENCE VISITORS: HAVE YOUR EYES CHECKED at STANDARD OPTICAL NO DELAY . . . YOUR GLASSES WILL BE READY BEFORE YOU RETURN HOME. It takes just a short while to have your eyes completely examined by the registered op- tometrists at Standard Optical Company. Your eyes are a priceless possession, take this opportunity to make sure they receive the expert care so necssary for continued good vision. Don't take chances with the only pair of eyes you'll ever have. Only the best is good enough. PAY NOTHING DOWN ONLY $1 A WEEK NO APPOINTMENT NECESSARY COME IN TODAY FOR COMPLETE OPTICAL SERVICE 746 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA Timeless Principles (Continued from page 710) tween sound psychological principles and divine justice: "Let your laws, penalties and re- wards be founded upon the principles of justice and mercy, and adapted to the capacities of your children; for this is the way that our heavenly Father governs his children, giving to some a celestial, to others a terrestrial, and to others still a telestial law, with penalties and promises annexed according to the conditions, circum- stances, and capacities of the individu- als to be governed. Seek for wisdom and pattern after the heavenly order of government." (Ibid., 1:456.) Some time ago, a well-known pro- fessor of sociology at a large eastern university asked me how I accounted for the relatively high degree of fam- ily stability among the Latter-day Saint people. The explanation that followed was given, I'm afraid, with too little introduction or background and perhaps went a little too fast. He seemed greatly interested, however, and particularly so in the concept of patriarchal authority. Here was a term he knew — one familiar to all sociologists. He soon discovered, to his surprise, that the Latter-day Saint concept of patriarchal authority did not correspond to that with which he was familiar. His included strict and stern control of the family activities and interests by the father. The love and companionship aspects were mini- mized, and the dictatorial powers of the father approached the absolute. This type of patriarchal authority was very common among American fam- ilies a century ago and has been common for hundreds of years in the various cultures of the world. The contrast between the type of patri- archal authority known by this pro- fessor and that of which Elder Pratt wrote, seems rather singular. "Do not be so stern and rigid in your family government as to render yourself an object of fear and dread. There are parents who only render themselves conspicuous in the attri- bute of justice while mercy and love are scarcely known in their families. Justice should be tempered with mercy, and love should be the great moving principle interweaving itself in all your family administrations. . . . Obedience inspired by love, and obe- dience inspired by fear are entirely different in their nature. The former (Concluded on following page) OCTOBER 1955 POWEBVP * POWER X Ask your Sinclair Dealer for the New Premium Gasoline . . . 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GRANT & CO., General Agents, Salt Lake City Timeless Principles (Concluded from preceding page) will be permanent and enduring while the latter only waits to have the object of fear removed, and it vanishes like a dream. Govern children as parents and not as tyrants; for they will be parents in their turn and will be very likely to adopt that form of gov- ernment in which they have been edu- cated." (Ibid., 1:456.) Patriarchal authority in the Church of Jesus Christ and in the Latter-day Saint home is, indeed, characterized by love, encouragement, and leader- ship rather than by absolute and dic- tatorial power exercised by the father. Ours is a principle of divine theocracy. The priesthood of God is vested in the father or husband, and his re- sponsibility, almost always willingly assumed, is to preside over family mat- ters, to inspire, encourage, and lead the members of his family by example and discussion. The place of women and wives in our religion and philosophy of life in no sense suggests an inferior sta- tion. The wife shares the responsi- bility and leadership of the family with her husband; however, her func- tions are defined differently. Elder Pratt, for example, refers repeatedly to the all-important relationship be- tween the mother and her children in rearing them to be worthy sons and daughters in Zion. The very practical teachings of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- day Saints are strikingly apparent in the marriage and family relationships area. Because of the place of im- portance the family holds in our gos- pel plan, it seems highly plausible that after another hundred years have passed, people will still be asking how we account for the success we enjoy in family life. 748 SIGNAL FIRES By Elizabeth A. Hutchison {\n the hillside, up the canyon, Down along the shining stream, Fires are mounting toward the heavens; Through autumn haze they brightly gleam. Maples flash their brilliant scarlet, Aspens burst in flames of gold, Warning torch of sumac quivers, Woodbine blazes, uncontrolled. Do spirits of the vanquished red men Boldly light these signal fires, That phantom warriors here may council In the light of grassy pyres? Phantom voices make no moan, But, oh, what strife these hills have known! THE IMPROVEMENT ERA Solomon Mack and His Family (Continued from page 714) hills. The Ashuelot River passes through the town, with a fall of three hundred feet in its passage, providing excellent water privileges. Solomon Mack and his brother Elisha Mack were quick to avail themselves of these opportunities. On March 24, 1773 "Solomon Mack of Marlow" sold 50 acres in the town of Marlow "where the labour is done." On November 3, 1774 "Elisha Mack of Marlow" sold 50 acres there.17 It was probably in 1773 that Solomon Mack built a log house in the lot he had chosen in Gilsum. Its location is given in the following quotation: From Main street south, the road follows the course of the Ashuelot river past the mill of the Gilsum Woolen Manufacturing company and the saw and grist-mill of S. W. Dart, to the stone bridge. On the right, high on the hill and beautifully situated and laid out is the Centennial cemetery. It is now the chief resting-place of the dead in town. A few rods from this cemetery is a spot sacred to the Mormon church. In 1775, here was born the mother of Hiram [Hyrum] and Joseph ' Smith, two of the greatest leaders of the Mormon church, who sealed their faith with their blood, both being killed by a mob at Carthage, III., in 1844.™ In those early times, the first dwell- ings were built of logs. Skilled ax- men of that day were adept at hew- ing the timbers for the frames of the houses, but sawmills were necessary to prepare boards, made by hand. Shingles were The natural features of the town made Gilsum especially adapted for manufactur- ing purposes. . . . Hence it happens that the whole life of the community has de- pended on its ability to manufacture. The first generation of the Mack family in Gilsum, whose descendants were later to play so important a part in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, were the first settlers to make use of these natural features in industrial enterprise. . . . The first boards sawed in the town of Gilsum were taken from the sawmill of Elisha Mack who was uncle of Solomon (Jr.) and Lucy Mack. He built this sawmill in 1776 and he sold it to his brother-in-law, Abishai Tubbs of Marlow, in 1784. . . . After having set up the necessary estab- lishments for the getting out of lumber it was natural that these early people build gristmills to grind their grains. . . . The first gristmill within the present limits of the town was erected by Elisha Mack and (Continued on following page) ^Cheshire Co., N. H. Deeds, Vol. 2, p. 301; Vol. 4, p. 331. :>Dr. I. A. Loveland: "Gilsum," in The Granite Monthly, 1897, Vol. .22, p. 289. OCTOBER 1955 Your Church University Is As Close As Your Mailbox Yes, you can take college work right in your home. Brigham Young University's Home Study Bureau offers more than 225 courses by mail, each one carrying full Uni- versity credit, from Accounting to Zoology, including L.D.S. religious courses. Enroll NOW. Clip and mail this coupon. Mail To BUREAU OF HOME STUDY BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY PROVO, UTAH "I Name Street City & State Please send me without cost Brigham Young Univer- sity's Bureau of Home Study catalog. Brigham Young University PROVO, UTAH TWO INSPIRATIONAL BOOKS FOR THE MISSIONARY written by AUBREY J. PARKER, converted Methodist Minister Entitled THE A.B.C. 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Elaine Cannon is the Emily Post, fad - finder and head spokesman for teen - agers throughout the Mountain West. „^~" " •• *:z;.;:^:z» have your children seen A- the Goldfish he's part off he fun of f amity dinner in the COFFEE SHOP Hotel Utah Max Carpenter, Manager Solomon Mack and His Family (Continued from preceding page) his brother Solomon, connecting with the sawmill of Elisha. It was built at the same time that the sawmill was set up in 1776 and was operated on a partnership basis. . . . History tells us that this soon became a place of great resort, the people coming from the surrounding towns and often bringing their grists upon hand sleds or on their backs. This gristmill was operated for seventy-five years.39 It was here amid these busy pio- neering activities that Lucy Mack, mother of the Prophet, was born. Her birth record, as it was recorded at the time by the town clerk, reads: Lucy, fourth daughter of Solomon Mack & Lydia his wife, was born July 8, 1775.40 She was thus the eighth and young- est child in her parents' family. Since the Revolutionary War was upon them, she was not destined to see much of her father during her earlier years. On April 19, 1775 the battles of Lexington and Concord had been fought. The news of these encounters started thousands of New England volunteers on the way to Boston. John Stark led the New Hampshire men; Israel Putnam left his plow in the furrow to lead the volunteers from Connecticut. Silas Mack, a cousin of Solomon, was town clerk and local magistrate in Marlow. He left his sawmill and was present at the Battle of Bunker Hill on June 17. In June, Washington was appointed commander-in-chief. There was im- mediate need for ammunition and the materials from which to make it. On July 15, 1775, seven days after the birth of Lucy Mack, the Conti- nental Congress adopted a resolution granting special trading privileges to "every vessel importing Gun powder, Salt petre, Sulphur, provided they bring with the sulphur four times as much salt petre," etc. Solomon Mack hastened to assist in meeting this ur- gent need. He wrote: Soon after I went to Moudus and learnt of my brother-in-law how to make Salt- Peire; though being a cripple I went to Old Springfield and Long Meadows, to show them the art of making Salt-Petre. I was sent from town to town, my wages was one dollar per day; this was in our revolutionary war. I then enlisted into the American army. I soon mustered two teams and 750 3sCharles James Fraser: "History of the Latter-day Saints in Gilsum, New Hampshire," in The Utah Genealogical and Historical Magazine, July 1934, Vol. 25, pp. 108-109. i0Giisum Town Records, Vol. 1, 1752-1825, p. 457. THE IMPROVEMENT ERA carried baggage to Skeenesborough. I after- wards enlisted into a company of artillery for a short Campaign; but on my return home I was taken sick. As soon as I recovered I went to see my son; he was cutting trees, when unfortu- nately a tree fell on me and crushed me al- most to pieces; beat the breath out of my body, my son took me up for dead, I how- ever soon recovered, but have not to this day recovered the use of my limbs, which was 34 years ago. [Written about 1811, so the accident must have occurred in 1777.] I lay sixty days on my back and never moved or turned to one side or the other, the skin was worn off my back from one end to the other. I was taken by six men in a sheet and moved, from time to time, for sixty or seventy days more; when I was able to walk by the help of crutches. I had a man to work in a sawmill, it got out of order, I hobbled down to show him how to mend it, and by accident I fell on the water-wheel, and bruised me most horribly. I was indeed helpless, & in dread- ful pain; confined month after month, un- able to help myself, but at last I was re- stored to health; but being destitute of property, and without my natural strength to get my bread, with a young and de- pendent family whose daily wants were increasing, and none to administer relief. . . . Owing to my misfortune I could not attend to my contract at Granville, so I lost all my land; however I regained my strength so I could walk a little and ride side-ways. Soon after this I was wounded by a limb falling from a tree upon my head, which again nearly deprived me of life. I was carried in wholly unable to help myself. I, however, recovered again; I can say like this, "the time of my departure was not yet come, and there was yet more trouble for me to pass through."41 While Solomon was incapacitated by these afflictions, his brother Elisha Mack was engaged in active service. In July 1776 he served as a private; in June 1777 he was captain in a com- pany that marched for the relief of Ticonderoga. It fell, and he served next in the troops under General John Stark. Burgoyne's army was penetrating New York by way of Lake Champlain, and Ticonderoga and one fort after another had fallen into his hands. He heard there were large quantities of stores collected at Ben- nington and sent Hessian troops to capture them. On this news it was feared that General Burgoyne would invade the eastern states with an ir- resistible force of regular troops and savages. "The New Hampshire militia had rallied under the command of that famous veteran of the old French and Indian war, John Stark." By his orders the men assembled at Ben- nington. They were mostly in hunt- ing frocks without uniforms but were expert marksmen. (To be continued) 41A Narrative of Solomon Mack, pp. 10-12. OCTOBER 1955 :-x':^:::':':::-:::::::::':':; LOW-COST LUXURY BY cer\\em\ser\ New Raised Observation Level From this unusual Observa- tion deck, you get 4-way sight- seeing thru huge glare-proof picture windows. TYPICAL LOW FARES FROM SALT LAKE CITY TO: LOS ANGELES $14.75 NEW YORK $43.65 CHICAGO $28.65 SAN FRANCISCO $17.90 PORTLAND $18.70 PLUS TAX See your local Greyhound Agent or write Greyhound, 107 West South Temple, Salt Lake City, Utah. Enjoy velvet-smooth Air Suspension Ride • • • Air-Conditioning • Modern Contour Seats! Enjoy low-cost luxury . . . the most dramatic sight-seeing ever developed . striking advances in comfort . unique "inside extras" Complete Washroom! With wash basin, running water, mirror, toilet — in sparkling stainless steel! 751 Elders Quorums— Continued Introductory Statement This article is a continuation of the one which appeared under the same title in the previous issue of The Improvement Era. (September, 1955.) It is suggested that the two articles be used in conjunction with each other as an aid to those in posi- tions of leadership in their assign- ment of directing activities of the elders throughout the stakes of Zion. Sixth — Elders Quorum Presidencies to Foster and Encourage Missionary Work a. Stake Missionary Work Elders quorum presidencies should encourage the quorum members to prepare themselves and make them- selves available for stake missionary work. Such should be one of the principal goals of all quorums of elders throughout the Church. Also, quorum presidencies could, with pro- priety, suggest to the stake presiden- cies that certain of their quorum members are capable and ready to render missionary service; but their rights end with that of making recom- mendations. Quorum presidencies should remember at all times that it is the prerogative of the stake presi- dencies to issue all the missionary calls. b. Foreign Missionary Work Since a vast majority of the foreign missionaries come from the elders quorums, one of the major assign- ments of every elders quorum presi- dency throughout the Church is to direct each quorum member in his preparation for foreign missionary service and to encourage him to ac- cept the missionary call when it comes. Also, quorum presidencies should direct the providing of quorum missionary funds to assist needy mis- sionaries to sustain themselves in the foreign fields. Thus, the elders quo- rum presidencies constitute the direct- ing force in the quorum in fostering and encouraging the missionary pro- gram. 752 Seventh — Presidencies to Promote Temple Work a. To Encourage All Quorum Mem- bers to Become Worthy A major responsibility of elders quorum presidencies is to direct the teaching of the gospel of Jesus Christ to quorum members, thereby prepar- ing them to become worthy to go to the temple. It is not necessary that the members of the presidencies be the class instructors, but they are to select the most capable persons avail- able to be the teachers. Quorum presidencies should understand defi- nitely the requirements for entrance mto the house of the Lord and also the great blessings which come to those who take out their endowments and enter into the order of celestial marriage. They should realize that the blessings of the temple will be at- tained only by the righteous Saints who remain faithful to the end, and they should instruct the elders in their quorums to this effect. b. To Encourage All Quorum Members to Get Their Own Endow- ments It is the duty of elders quorum presidencies to know which quorum members have and which have not their endowments, and then they should encourage all of them who have not had their endowments to do their own work while the oppor- tunity is available. In other words, each holder of the priesthood should "work while the day lasts because the night cometh where no man can work." c. To Have Their Families Sealed Elders quorum presidencies should encourage their quorum members to have their families sealed back through the proper lines. This is also a vital assignment and should be pursued diligently. d. To Trace Their Own Ancestry Sealing work through the proper lines cannot be accomplished unless genealogical work is done in tracing the ancestry, thereby providing fam- ily records for temple work purposes; and so it is the duty of the elders quorum presidencies to encourage all members to engage faithfully in this marvelous work. e. To Do Vicarious Work for the Dead It is the duty of all Melchizedek Priesthood holders to engage actively in vicarious work for the dead, and so the responsibility naturally rests upon elders quorum presidencies to encourage all quorum members to en- gage in this great work. The first interest of each individual is to trace his own ancestry and do the work on his own line, and when this is ac- complished he may work on other family lines. f. To Promote Temple Excursions It is suggested that elders quorum presidencies promote temple excur- sions among quorum members and their wives. These excursions should be carried on as often as possible. It is advisable in cases where elders live close enough to temples to make such a program feasible that certain regu- lar dates be set aside for these excur- sions and that elders presidencies carry this program forward vigorously; however, because of expansive dis- tances from temples, certain elders quorums will not be able to carry forward such a program on a sys- tematically organized plan. Never- theless, quorum presidencies are en- couraged to do all they can to direct their quorum members in carrying forward this great work. Eighth — Presidencies to Promote Quo- rum Socials According to instructions given in the Melchizedek Priesthood Hand- book, each Melchizedek Priesthood quorum should hold at least one good social every two months. The re- sponsibility for these socials rests upon the elders quorum presidencies. It is suggested that they select and ap- point sufficient committees to carry forward the major portion of this program. Their special work will be directing the committees. It is sug- gested that in order to maintain the interest of the quorum members that the socials be varied in nature. These socials provide the elders quorum THE IMPROVEMENT ERA Priesthood presidencies excellent opportunities to become better informed regarding the capabilities, interests, and personali- ties of each of the quorum members. It also provides them opportunity to encourage and stimulate the less ac- tive quorum members to increase their church activities and to affiliate them- selves in quorum meetings with their priesthood groups. Efforts should be made to make each elders quorum a grand and vital fraternity wherein each of the quorum members and their families learn to love and ap- preciate the Church and all the quo- rum members. Ninth — Presidencies to Direct the Correspondence with Absent Mem- bers a. With Servicemen Elders quorum presidencies are un- der instruction to correspond at least monthly with all servicemen from their quorums or to have their ap- pointees write letters to them. Also, through the quorums, they are to pro- vide their quorum members in the armed services with subscriptions to the "Church Section" of the Deseret News and The Improvement Era. Gospel tracts could also be included in these letters. These tracts may be obtained from the stake mission presi- dent. b. With Members on Missions, Away at School, or at Work Elders quorum presidencies also have the responsibility of directing the correspondence each month with members of their quorum who are filling foreign missions or who are away at school or at work. The writ- ing of these letters constitutes a good project to be assigned to various mem- bers of the elders quorum. Also, the replies from servicemen, from quorum members away at school or away at work, could with profit be read from time to time in the elders quorum monthly business meeting. Tenth — Presidencies to Provide Good Classwork a. Provide Good Teachers Elders quorum presidencies have the definite assignment of providing OCTOBER 1955 capable, faithful, and intelligent teachers to be the instructors in the priesthood doctrinal classes. Since the principal purpose of holding the groups or quorum weekly doctrinal classes is to teach the priesthood holders the gospel of Jesus Christ, it is very important that the most ca- pable teachers in the various elders quorums throughout the Church be assigned to that position. b. To See that Correct Doctrine Is Taught Elders quorum presidencies have the definite responsibility of seeing that correct doctrine is taught in the elders Melchizedek Priesthood- classes. Thus, elders presidencies should be students of the gospel and be able to recognize readily when false doctrine is being taught. c. Strive to Have all Quorum Mem- bers in Attendance Elders quorum presidencies should make an exerted effort to build up the attendance at the weekly doctrinal classes and monthly quorum business meetings to one hundred percent at- tendance. Every honorable means possible should be devised to induce the less active members to attend these meetings and to encourage the active members to be in attendance regularly and continuously. As long as there is one quorum member who refuses to attend these classes, the quorum presidency should devote every intelligent effort possible to per- suade him to attend and to affiliate fully with the priesthood quorum. Eleventh — Presidencies to Teach all Quorum Members how to Perform all Church ordinances It is the duty of elders quorum presidencies to teach all quorum mem- bers how to perform all Church ordinances; and so it is suggested that as often as possible quorum presidencies give the members in- structions on performing such ordi- nances as that of baptism, confirma- tion, administering to the sacrament, anointing and "blessing the sick, and other similar ordinances. When new members receive the Melchizedek Priesthood and come into the quorum, it is the duty of the elders quorum presidency to see that those new members understand the church pro- cedure in regard to performing church ordinances. Twelfth — Presidencies to Hold a Presidency Council Meeting Once Each Week Elders quorum presidencies are once again asked to hold a presidency council meeting at least once each week. The importance of these council meetings cannot be over- emphasized. (See the April, 1954, issue of The Improvement Era, pp. 266-267.) Thirteenth — Presidencies to Direct the Holding of Weekly Group or Quo- rum Meetings The General Authorities of the Church provide from year to year courses of study for the Melchizedek Priesthood members of the Church. The responsibility rests upon the elders quorum presidencies to see that each elders group or elders quo- rum under their direction, holds group or quorum meetings once each week and that the prescribed course of study be diligently pursued in that weekly meeting. No group or quo- rum is authorized to select its own course of study. Fourteenth — Presidencies to Hold and Direct Monthly Business Meetings Elders quorum presidencies have the definite responsibility of not only holding the monthly quorum business meeting, but also of providing the business, the program, and directing all activities pertaining to that meet- ing. The success of that meeting will be determined by the efficiency of the quorum presidency in en- couraging a hundred percent attend- ance and its ability to put over the program effectively. Fifteent h — Presidencies to Attend Stake Priesthood and Priesthood Leadership Meetings The presidencies of all elders quo- rums throughout the entire Church (Continued on page 766) 753 The Presiding Relationship Between Stake Aaronic Priesthood Committee and Bishoprics We are often asked the question, "How much authority does the stake Aaronic Priesthood committee have in supervising the Aaronic Priesthood pro- gram in the wards?" All members of the stake Aaronic Priesthood committee are appointed by the stake presidency with full authority to represent them in the promotion of the Aaronic Priesthood program in the stake. As representatives of the stake presidency, therefore, members of the stake committee have authority to go into a ward and observe conditions, make recommendations to bishoprics and other Aaronic Priesthood leaders, and to. follow up on such recommendations and all previous recommendations until favorable action has been taken there- on. This does not imply that the author- ity of the bishop as the presidency of the Aaronic Priesthood is abrogated in any way. The bishop remains as the president of the Aaronic Priesthood and as the president of the priests quorum, and the bishopric remain as the presi- dency of the Aaronic Priesthood. Their authority in these official capacities is unquestionable. However, all members of the bishopric are presided over by the stake presidency who call to their assistance the members of the stake Aaronic Priesthood committee, in this instance, and send them forth in the wards of the stake with full authority to represent them in the promotion of this work. The relationship between members of the stake committee and bishoprics has been developed on such a high plane, in many areas, that bishoprics have no hesitancy in calling members of the stake committee to come and assist them and their leaders when they feel they cannot wait for the regular visits of the committee. In every stake doing effec- tive work in Aaronic Priesthood, there is abundant evidence of harmony, good will, and full fellowship between mem- bers of the stake committee and bishop- rics. They work together, plan together, pull together all the way. Therefore, when members of the stake committee for Aaronic Priesthood under twenty-one visit a ward, they are sent by appointment of the stake presidency with full authority to observe condi- tions, point up weaknesses, and make recommendations to overcome program weaknesses. One of the most important features of the work of members of the stake committee is to follow up all recom- mendations previously made to bishop- rics and Aaronic Priesthood leaders. A competent stake committee will so re- spect previous recommendations of fel- low committee members that each suc- ceeding visit will find them checking on such recommendations until favor- able action can be reported thereon. Ward Aaronic Priesthood leaders should take no offense when stake committee members continually follow through in this major responsibility. Multiple Credits Not Permitted in Absentee Reports It has come to our attention that some of our absentee Aaronic Priesthood members, particularly those in the mili- tary service, are being told they may take credit for attending priesthood and sacrament meeting, Sunday School, and YMMIA when only one L D S meeting is attended at a given time. No multiple credits are permitted or authorized. When only one meeting is attended, only one credit is to be taken 754 when reporting on the absentee report. Whether the meeting is a priesthood or sacrament meeting, Sunday School, or YMMIA will depend upon the nature of the meeting. The absentee will report his attendance and indicate which meet- ing he attended. Of course, if more than one meeting is attended, all such activities should be reported by the absentee, but no multi- ple credits taken. Rowley Curtis Youth Receives Special Recognition Rowley is a priest in the Springville First Ward, Kolob (Utah) Stake. He has but one more year to go, and he will have earned seven individual Aaronic Priesthood awards while serving in the quo- rums of the Aaronic Priesthood. Rowley was elected president of the Utah State Association of Future Farmers ol America for the current year. He was also awarded the State Farmer Degree and the singular honor as State Star Farmer in con- nection with his activities as a senior in the Springville High School. Lesson Presentation Important in Senior Program The weekly lesson presentation by a carefully selected and well-prepared quorum or group instructor is a very important phase of the work for senior members of the Aaronic Priesthood. It, at least, partially answers the need for group participation and cooperation. It helps to break down inhibitive fears that keep men from activity in the Church. It provides the psychological challenge of competition that adds strength to conquest. It is the oppor- tunity to be taught the principles of the gospel without feeling that there are personal implications. It is the means of integrating a group and giving them a common objective to work to, and the incentive to reach it. It is a well-established fact that senior members participating in groups usually advance faster and overcome unwanted habits more readily than those who are worked with on an individual basis only. "If John can do it, I can," or, THE IMPROVEMENT ERA Bishoprics Page Prepared by Lee A. Palmer No Secret Formulae in Effective Ward Teaching Better than average results in the ward teaching program are within the reach of all leaders who try anxious- ly to succeed. Success in this program is not achieved through use of secret formulae. The chief component of suc- cess is available in unlimited quantities. It is the compound of W-O-R-K. There is no substitute for the magic of its energizing influence. Once we exert physical or mental effort, we are on our way to some measure of accomplish- ment. Speaking of work, Carlyle said, "What a man can do is his greatest ornament, and he always consults his dignity by doing it. " We all admire the work of skilled craftsmen. Some workmen are Gridley (California) Stake Honors Parents and Their Sons When each Aaronic Priesthood bearer in the Gridley (California) Stake was awarded his Aaronic Priesthood pin, his parents were invited to come to the rostrum and share the joy of their son's accomplishment. Each mother was presented a lovely corsage as the parents were congratulated by those officiating in the presentation. Leaders in the ward teaching program have much detailed work to do, and sometimes it is not easily accomplished, but it is not dull nor is it distasteful. That which is achieved in the spirit of artists even with a shovel because they enthusiasm brings enduring joy to those do their work so well. We are delighted who work faithfully. Conscience makes with the work of artisans, but the achievements of capable leaders should be appreciated, too. Trained craftsmen adorn the work of their hands while successful leaders add beauty to their souls. no protest to the energetic. The success of the leaders in the ward teaching program is commensurate with their efforts, and their reward is pro- portionate to the quality and quantity of the service they render. Brothers Set Challenging Attendance Records :>;W: :■>:■ IS ::|:: 'lit*!****™** Marvin Edman Brent Edman The attendance records of Marvin and Brent Edman, Browning Ward, Wells (Utah) Stake are challeng- ing records on a family scale. Marvin has maintained a perfect attendance at priest- hood and sacrament meeting for the full seven years he served in the Aaronic Priest- hood; he has recently been ordained an elder. Brent? Well, just give him another three years at perfect attendance, and he will match his brother Marvin's record. He now has a perfect attendance record of nearly four years. Bishop and Sister E. Wil- ford Edman have reason to rejoice in their sons' accom- plishments to date. "he is not going to get ahead of me," are conscious or subconscious challenges a man working with a group usually gives to himself. Group members who grow together stay together. They fre- quently form social groups after their advancement to the Melchizedek Priest- hood. They continue to give each other know the men they teach and slant each lesson in such a way that it will answer the needs of the quorum or group mem- bers. He should believe in the members of the group. He should encourage par- ticipation, but guard against embarras- sing anyone requiring involuntary dis- .cussions. Certainly every lesson should needed moral support as they face the be carefully prepared and given, keep- new problems of life. ing in mind that its presentation is for Quorum or group instructors should the benefit of the senior members. OCTOBER 1955 Aaronic Priesthood under 21 Visits of Stake Committeemen Defined For the most part, visits to wards by members of the stake committee for Aaronic Priesthood under 21 are to be made (1) during the ward priesthood meeting hour, (2) during the ward Aaronic Priesthood leadership meeting. Special attention should be given to visiting the wards during the combined ward Aaronic Priesthood meeting held during the second week in each month. However, there are other occasions when special visits are in order. Visits should also be made to wards when members of the stake committee may render needed assistance to newly appointed leaders on the ward level to assist the bishopric in training new ap- pointees in their work. There may be times when the chair- man would like to have a report on how the sacrament is administered by the priests, how it is passed by deacons and teachers, how ushering is carried forward, or how fast offerings are gath- ered. Members of the committee may very appropriately be assigned by the chairman to visit in wards to observe these and all other Aaronic Priesthood functions when these services are per- formed. However, committee members, when visiting other than the two meetings outlined in paragraph one above, are to visit only to make observations. They should not expect to be invited to sit on the stand or to be acknowledged as official visitors. Such special assign- ments are adequately filled if they sit among the members of the congrega- tion to observe how Aaronic Priesthood services are performed in our meetings. 755 Barbara Williams Food and Fun When Spooking s Done by Barbara Williams Tricks and treats just for the small fry? No indeed! You know half- a-dozen couples who would enjoy some good old-fashioned spooking, and they are probably the very same people you have been meaning to invite over for some time. Why not prepare right now for a Halloween party and begin by pur- chasing a pack of two-penny post- cards, five for each couple or guest on your list? Mail the cards out on five consecutive days, the first four cards bearing only a question mark or Halloween symbol, and the last card urging: Come haunt our house, and maybe you Can even drink some witches' brew; Ghosts and ghouls will congregate October th at 8. >\ While your friends are reGtJjv^tg the mysterious postcards and fr_?Prin about what they mean, you caa^b planning the games you will want 6 play at the party. Halloween Cobweb Cut black yarn in equal lengths for your guests (about 60 feet for each guest). Pin or thumbtack one end of each string, with a guest's name, to a wall, drapery, or piece of furni- ture. Then weave each string back and forth through the room, under rugs, around table legs, over chande- liers, and around the strings of other guests. The object, of course, is to see which guest can untangle his part of the cobweb first, but there will be a gaily-wrapped "prize" awaiting everyone at the end of his string. "Prizes" might be individual poems addressed to recipients, sketches or photographs of them, or simple gifts relating to their hobbies or profes- sions, such as a needle for the seam- stress, a pencil for the writer, etc. Al- low yourself plenty of time (several days ahead if you can) to set up this game because guests will really en- joy it if you make their searches challenging and their prizes personal. Pun Fun Each guest is given a typewritten list of words and phrases which he is to match with objects or pictures on a table. Here are a few examples, but you will want to add your own items to the list. 1. Halloween colors — charcoal and orange 2. vampire — picture of movie siren 3. fount of tears — onion 4. goblin — picture of someone eat- ing 5. ancient instrument of punish- ment— old hairbrush 6. pumpkin — faucet 7. skeleton (bones) — dice 8. gravestone — rock with sad face painted on it 9. an Irish bat — brick (Continued on page 758) 756 — A Rumel Photo THE IMPROVEMENT ERA * . tpgof DELICIOUS MEAT PIES READY TO EATl Something new! Hamburgers sealed in flaky pastry. You can make them easily with recipe below. And see that bag of flour next to the recipe? That's Sperry Drifted Snow. For 5 generations Sperry has helped mothers put homemade goodness in lunchboxes all through the West. No other flour can say this. It's an old standby. Helps you get extra good results with everything you bake. Double your money back if you don't agree. Tested recipes and Queen Bess pattern silverware coupon in bag. 'BURGERS -TO -GO — Serve Hot or Cold HERE'S WHAT YOU NEED: 1 cup O/2 lb.) ground lean beef 1/2 teaspoon salt Ys teaspoon pepper tablespoons milk, water or catsup Pastry Relishes HERE'S WHAT YOU DO: All measurements are level. Sift flour before measuring. Mix beef, salt, pepper and liquid together. Divide into 4 equal portions and shape into plump patties. Place each one on a pastry round. Cover meat with any or all of relishes. Top with second pastry round and seal edges. Prick tops with tines of fork. Bake in hot oven, 400°, until pastry is a rich brown, about 20 minutes. Serve warm, or, cool and pack in lunchbox. Makes 4 'Burgers-To-Go. PASTRY: Measure into bowl: 2 cups sifted Sperry Drifted Snow Flour, 1 teaspoon salt, V2 CUP cooking oil, % cup milk, 1/3 cup grated American cheese. Stir vigorously to a stiff dough. Divide into 8 equal portions. Roll each into a 5-inch circle, keeping edges even. RELISHES: Have ready: thin onion rings, thin tomato slices, pickle relish or chili sauce, mustard, thin slices cheese. Two other fine products by SPERRY — a name famous in the West for 102 years. VRIFTED SNOW 'FLOUR- Md fy ik Uhtfi Lmj^iFlom Mihw - GENERAL MILLS fSpm/ Opwtim] J. Golden Kimball J. GOLDEN KIM BALL ^lVtl BY CLAUDE RICHARDS This wonderful biogra- phy vividly detaiFs many of the immense hardships of our West- ern pioneers, and high- lights a\] events with the telling wit, good humor and genuine greatness of J. Golden Kimball. $4.00 LET'S LIVE A dynamic and con- structive way of achieving a happier, longer, more successful life is presented in easy A-B-C steps. Scores of examples and brilliant quota- tions make this book friendly and entertain- ing. $3.00 This book counsels parents and youth to check the wide spread of delinquency and to prevent its growth in homes of young parents. To do this, the author has spent hundreds of hours of re- search to re- veal with un- usual freshness and clarity the ageless princi- ples of truth. This is truly a challenging, vi- tal book that makes a direct approach to one of today's biggest prob- lems. $2.50 Deseret" Book Co. 44 E. South Temple Salt Lake City KNOW YOUR IDS COOKS (Continued from page 756) Witchery Ask each guest to write a sentence on a piece of paper, fold it a speci- fied way, and give it to one person selected from the group. The mes- sages are then delivered to you, but you sit in plain sight so it is evident you have had no opportunity to read .them. You then draw a message ^from the bottom of the pile, press it to your forehead with eyes closed, and slowly repeat aloud what it says. The trick is that one person in the audience writes no message but memorizes one you previously agree to "read" first. When you receive the other messages, you place the one already in your hand, on the bottom of the pile. After you say this message aloud, you open the one you pretended to read and memo- rize it silently as you pretend to con- firm it is the one you have read aloud. For your next message, re- peat the one you first opened and so on. Suggestion: Practise this before you try it on your guests. Ghost Divide guests into two equal teams, the men against the women, if pos- sible. The first person on one team names a letter (such as B), then the first person on the other team must add another letter to spell a word (such as R to spell "bring"), and so on. After the third letter is added, anyone actually completing a word or anyone who cannot add a letter to spell a real word misses, and with each miss becomes a G-H-O-S-T. After the fifth miss he is a "ghost," and anyone who talks to a "ghost" becomes one also. The object is to avoid ending a word, but this is sometimes impossible. If anyone adds a letter without a definite word in mind, he is open to challenge and if caught misses. A mistaken chal- lenger misses also. Vampire, Goblin, Ghost, and Ghoul This is a Halloween twist to the favorite parlor game "Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John." The first four chairs in the room are designated Vampire, Goblin, Ghost, and Ghoul, and the remaining chairs are num- bered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. The person 758 sitting on the vampire chair is the leader and starts all players, in rhythm, slapping their knees twice, and then snapping their fingers. The Vampire calls out on the snap the name of one of the other spooks or one of the numbers, such as, "Three." On the next snap, Three must call another number or spook. If any guest calls his own chair's name or a name that doesn't exist or fails to call a number or spook in rhythm with the snap, he misses and goes to the end of the line. The other guests then move up and assume the names of their new chairs. Set a time limit, and the person in the vampire chair at the end wins. HALLOWEEN MENU Spicy Witches' Brew Jack-O-Burgers Black and Orange Salad Pumpkin Chiffon Pie Caramel Fortune Balls Spicy Witches' Brew 2 12 oz. cans apricot nectar pinch salt 2 tablespoons sugar 5 cloves 2 sticks cinnamon 1 can frozen orange juice, diluted juice of one lemon Add seasonings to apricot juice and simmer for. one hour. Strain. Just be- fore serving add lemon and orange juice and heat again. Serve with quarter slice of orange floating in each cup. ] ack-O -Burgers Fill fresh bakery buns with your favorite recipe for barbecued hambur- gers. Make pumpkin faces on each bun by slicing stuffed olives for eyes, pickles for nose and mouth. A dab of honey will keep features in place, but use it sparingly! Black and Orange Salad 1 package lemon gelatin 1 cup hot water 3/4 cup cold water 2 tablespoons lemon juice 1 teaspoon grated onion (optional) 3 ounces processed cheese cut into cubes !/3 cup pitted and sliced ripe olives !/3 cup broken nutmeats Dissolve gelatin in hot water. Add cold water, lemon juice, and onion and chill until slightly thickened. Fold in remaining ingredients. Serves 6. THE IMPROVEMENT ERA 3 1 1 !/2 1 v4 Pumpkin Chiffon Pie eggs, separated cup sugar cup canned pumpkin cup milk tablespoon gelatin cup water teaspoon salt teaspoon ginger teaspoon nutmeg teaspoon cinnamon pinch cloves Combine egg yolks, one-half cup sugar, pumpkin, milk and spices in double boiler and cook until thick. Add gelatin soaked in water. Cool until partially set, then add egg whites stiffly beaten with remaining sugar. Spoon gently into crumb or pastry shell. Crumb Shell 22 vanilla wafers, finely rolled !/3 cup melted butter 2 tablespoons sugar Y2 cup finely chopped nuts Mix together and press with spoon into 9-inch pie shell. Caramel Fortune Balls 1 pound candy caramels 5 tablespoons hot water 4 quarts unbuttered popcorn Melt caramels in top of double boiler and add water. Pour over corn, and shape into balls, inserting in the center of each a "fortune" for each guest (previously typed and folded very tight- ly so it will not stick to candy). Twist in transparent food wrapping and tie with orange and black ribbons. Makes 12 medium balls. You and your guests will all enjoy your party more if you avoid last-minute details and prepare your games and prizes days in advance. Black and orange salad, pumpkin chiffon pie, and caramel fortune balls can also be made the day before to relieve any day-of-the- party blues. So happy planning, and happy haunting! NOTE In the June issue of the Era on page 468 the tasty spoon bread recipe should include at the top of the list of in- gredients 1 quart of warm milk. Whoever heard of a lemon pie recipe without water? We haven't. Therefore, please correct the recipe on page 678 of the September issue to read 4 quarts water rather than 4 quarts sugar. We apologize. OCTOBER 1955 Favorite drink of healthy families f Instant Poskim with hot milk is a nourishing cereal beverage! There's a lot of wholesomeness in a delicious cupful of grain-rich Instant Postum, prepared with hot milk. Here's why- Instant Postum is made of nourishing whole wheat and bran. Add hot milk and a little sugar, and you have a hearty, healthful beverage with all the warmth and satisfaction you crave from a hot drink! Instant Postum is also good with hot water, or as a milk shake with cold milk. Serve it to your family today — it costs less than a penny a cup! Another wonderful General Foods product. America's favorite cereal beverage Instant Postum Postum i No caffein 759 A NEW WORLD OF FASHION ... in the west's most beautiful store THE NEW MAKOFF South Temple ot Second East GRIND YOUR FLOUR & CE with this sturdy WHEAT MILL ONLY $g50 POSTPAID ANYWHERE IN AMERICA Mill cracks or grinds wheat, corn and all kinds of hard or soft grains. Grinds V/2 pounds of flour or cereal per minute. . . . Fully guaranteed by Pehrson's. SPECIAL PRICES TO L.D.S. GROUPS Please send me one Wheat Mill. Inclosed Is $6.50 (check or money order.) Name Address City State PEHRSON HARDWARE 2102 SOUTH 11th EAST • SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH 760 LET SISTER HELP by Louise Price Bell tou'll find that bedtime will not be a nightmare nor a dreaded ordeal if you give Big Sister the responsibility of looking after her small brother so far us undressing, bathing, brushing teeth, and all the bedtime routine is concerned. He won't mind brushing his teeth to the tune of Sister's merry little jingle or slipping into his pajamas when he and she are playing most of the time. Mothers are usually busy at this early bedtime hour and getting ready for bed often has to be more or less a businesslike affair. Not so with the older sisters, as they will not only like the responsibility but will at the same time also be receiving excellent training for their later roles as moth- ers. Try this arrangement in your family, and you'll find that Little Brother will look forward to bedtime if Sister is going to tell him a story as she undresses and bathes him. And, at the same time, a fine spirit of comradery will be built up between the two children. — A Russell Photo ■ ^ ■ HANDY HINTS Payment for Handy Hints used will be one dollar upon publication. In the event that two with the same idea are submitted, the one postmarked earlier will receive the dollar. None of the ideas can be returned, but each will receive careful consideration. If you add a little sugar to the milk and egg mixture into which bread is dipped when you are making French toast, the bread will brown well in the skillet. — Mrs. A. A., Salt Lake City, Utah. Blend three tablespoons of honey with a couple of tablespoons of confectioner's sugar and a tablespoon of butter or margarine. Dribble this mixture over hot biscuits when they come from the oven. Very good eating! — B. H., San Mateo, Cali- fornia. Push short pieces of macaroni into cake frosting as "vases" to hold tiny flowers for a special occasion cake. — Mrs. R. C, Cains- ville, Missouri. THE IMPROVEMENT ERA < / waxed I Paper •Ma^W^r' To serve 5 or 6 , . " <»opp.d n4""e * «* Me tosteAZa\p^ '" P<"rs, wrap . !" "*<" *«.*„ ' ','" * ™P **•»**,. 7;C* '" ZEE VV„I'/;' **•'*..- ^--,, ^^^ ooQL^pL jf [xyO^Std pOJf)Q)h\ make-ahead salads stay so crisp, sandwiches so fresh, leftovers so tasty, when wrapped in ZEE Waxed Paper. ZEE is completely bathed in preservative wax. . . every inch of its glossy-smooth length. You'll like ZEE... the way it keeps flavor and freshness in, dryness out. And so economical ! ^uyjtliM^ Mjiaj'm^JIm^ ZEE pWu^tk)! Crown Zellerbach Corporation Why Share Your Space with a Swinging Door? a "MODERNFOLD" door takes none • MORE SPACE FOR LIVING • NEW COLORFUL BEAUTY * RIGID - STRENGTH OF STEEL * MOVABLE WALLS the doors that fold like an accordion modernfold For demonstration write or phone ALDERS 1343 South Main Salt Lake City Phone IN 7-1531 Please send me your free booklet entitled "More Space for Living" IE-10. NAME.... Address .. City State Beautifies and Protects All Woods Get the original crystal - clear "Plastic Spar." Use inside or outside on blond, knotty pine, redwood and all hardwoods — floors, station wagons, boats, fishing rods, etc. Withstands weather, hot and salt water. Easy to apply, brush or spray — quick to dry! Does not darken. Durable — does not crack. Sold by hardware, lumber and paint dealers. Or sent postpaid. No CO. D.s please. #2.25 quart, $7.75 gal., tax included. Security Royal Dutch Paint Mfg. Co., 1621 No. Indiana St., Los Angeles 63. DRINK ficq° A delightful hot beverage for those who don't drink coffee. AT YOUR GROCERS UNDERSTANDING by O. A. Kearney I remember the so-called "bank holiday" of 1933 when all of the banks were closed for a few days. We were not doing business at all, but a few of us officers were sitting at our desks. The front door opened, and a rather poorly dressed man came in. He walked down the deserted lob- by, looking inquiringly at the tellers' windows. I left my desk, went up to him, and tried to explain that all the banks were closed temporarily. He seemed more confused. I soon saw that he could neither understand nor speak English. I called downstairs for one of our janitors to come up. "Joe," I said, "this old gentleman has come to get his money. He is a Bohemian, and doesn't understand English. Will you see if you can explain to him?" "Sure," said Joe. "I will talk to him." Soon Joe and the elderly man were in earnest conversation. I saw Joe leading him out the front door, and both seemed in a good humor. I felt relieved. "Good work, Joe," I said. "Did you persuade him to come back later for his money?" Joe laughed, "Sure I persuaded him. He didn't want to draw his money out. He wanted to deposit some." Wisdom is the principal thing; therefore get wisdom: and with 'all thy getting get understanding. (Proverbs 4:7.) Should Parents Be Teachers? {Continued from page 715) ... It is becoming a practice today to try to coax, cajole, buy children to be good. We hesitate, some of us, to say to children, you must not do this, you must not do that, and to our young people we hesitate to do this, because we may offend them. The Lord has made it perfectly clear, from Adam until now, and has told us in no unmistaken words, that there are certain things "thou shaft not" do. Adam fell be- cause he violated one "Thou shalt not." Moses from Sinai gave a whole series of commandments, only one of which has not "Thou shalt not" in it. My brethren and sisters, our young peo- ple welcome, they expect that we shall tell them what to do and what not to do, and BISHOPS AND OTHER CHURCH OFFICIALS Save more than $500 on the purchase of your CHURCH ORGAN You're invited to come in during Con- ference or any time for a demonstration of the ESTEY TWO -MANUAL VIRTU- OSO ORGAN. Also the new ESTEY two-manual elec- tronic organ available now. SUMMERHAYS MUSIC CO. 21 East 1st South Salt Lake City, Utah Phone EM 3-4479 Keep Kip Handy for Burns Kip is the West's most famous burn treatment- first aid for burns, scalds, sunburn, cuts and scratches. Kip eases pain promptly, promotes healing, lessens chances of scarring. Keep creamy Kip ointment always handy for emergencies. Or try soothing Kip antiseptic oil. Both contain powerful pain-lifting topical anesthetics. Both are antiseptic— safe to use with children. Get it at drug stores in 50c tubes or Vi lb. tins $1. or send 10c for sample to Kip, 778 E. Pico, Los Angeles 21. Keep Kip handy! mowvoe k FOLDING BANQUET • TABLES Direct Prices & ^ Discounts to Churches, Schools, and all Institutions MONROE TRUCKS For storing Folding Tables and Chairs the easy modern way Each truck handles either tables or chairs. Construe: tion of Truck No. TSC permits storage in limited space. Transport Storage Truck No. T$ Church Units may direct their inquiries to the Church Purchasing Department, 47 East South Temple, Salt Lake City 1, Utah. the IMovtaoe. company 249CHURCH STREET, COLFAX. IOWA 762 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA what not to do must be told them in such language, in such terms, and with such emphasis that they are not left in doubt. Try this on your young people and you will be amazed at the response you will get. They are hungering for the gospel. See to it that we do not starve them; they must be fed. (Conference Report, October 1941, P. 17.) Criminologists tell us that most of our delinquencies originate in bad or neglected homes. Economists say that the training of the home is largely responsible for the thrift, industry, and prosperity of the nation. Doctors advise us that the health of the peo- ple depends on care and teachings in the home, and eugenists assure us that the whole trend of human hap- piness, intelligence, goodness, and en- durance depends on it. To the members of the Church, the home has an enlarged significance that is subordinate to nothing; else in life, for it constitutes not only the source of our greatest happiness here in this life, but also the foundation of our exaltation and glory in the life to come. After all, it is basically a re- ligious institution. It has its origin in religious ceremony. It is the ful- filment of divine commandment. Its government is of a religious nature, and the finest of its products are spiritual. The Lord expects us to teach our children his revealed word, to im- plant faith and obedience deeply within their hearts. We may not leave their training entirely to teach- ers in church and school. They will assist, but we, the parents are their teachers, their exemplars, their strength. « ■♦- * Dear Tom: (Continued from page 719) me . . . and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me . . ."? (Ibid., 11:28-29.) For "I will receive you, and will be a Father unto you . . . saith the Lord Almighty." (II Cor. 6:17-18.) What earthly father can bestow such precious promises as our Heav- enly Father offers us through our Lord Jesus Christ? He promises those who obey him faithfully to the end of their days that he will not blot out their names from the Book of Life, but will confess their names (Continued on following page) OCTOBER 1955 Thinking About A New Organ? Let us give you facts that helped in the choosing and recent installation of a HAMMOND ORGAN in the • PALMYRA WARD CHAPEL • WOODLAND WARD CHAPEL • OQUIRRH STAKE-SPENCER WARD TABERNACLE An Instrument of Enormous Power and Beauty Providing a Magnificent Variety of True Church Tones. Note: Special Demonstration Recitals During Conference. Get Details from Seldon N. Heaps. GLEN BROS. MUSIC CO. OGDEN SALT LAKE CITY 74 So. Main PROVO 24 Hour service 365 days a year Electric WATER HEATING costs the average family only about 10c a day Buy From Your Dealer /p\ Or Plumber ^ Be Modern Live Electrically UTAH POWER & LIGHT CO. DON'T FORGET THE RAMILY! Reduced Fare by Air — November 1 to March 31 is thrift season to Europe. Now you can afford to take the whole family using the FAMILY FARE PLAN. Here's how it works — head of family pays full fare, wife or children 12 to 25 years of age receive $300 reduction each on round- trip first class air fare. A family of four can save up to $900 using this service. For further information see . . . UNIVERSAL ^Jravet Service Hotel Temple Square Salt Lake City EL 5-6552-EL 5-5924 Hotel Ben Lomond Ogden, Utah 4-2667 IN THE GOSPEL NET By ELDER JOHN A. WIDTSOE For missionaries, for investi- gators, for home reading, for gifts to friends. At your Bookdealers $1.75 763 Enjoy finer flavor and greater nutrition of whole wheat grain . . . freshly ground! Ever-increasing in popularity Everyone knows that bread and ofher cereal foods made with whole grain freshly ground is far tastier and richer in health-giving nutri- ments. And — it's the wise home where some- thing is done about it. Rapid — efficient, the Lee Household Electric FlourMill reduces whole grain to fluffy flour for a fraction of a penny a pound. Best of all, it's STONE GROUND— every food element is retained I WRITE TO- DAY for prices— FREE recipes — food facts! SPECIAL OFFER — FLOUR Send coupon for intro- ductory offer of 5- lb. pkg.. Deaf Smith wheat flour, America's rich- est in food elements, or select Wis. -Minn., wheat flour — stone ground the day it's shipped. LEE ENGINEERING CO. Milwaukee 3, Wis. LEE ENGINEERING COMPANY, Depf., I.E. 2023 W. Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee 3, Wis. □ DEAF SMITH FLOUR, 5-lb. pkg. Postpaid. Only $1.50 D WIS. -MINN. FLOUR, 5- lb. pkg. Postpaid. Only $1.00 DEAR TOM: Name Street City State ]::s0^-^: VITAMINS MINERALS Drink them in delicious juice form — Use a SWEDEN Speed JUICER Give your family the natural nutrients of carrots, celery, apples, cabbage, etc. in deli- cious juices. Sweden process for true natural flavor. Even those who balk at cooked veg- etables will want "seconds." Juice in seconds. Easy to operate- Easy to clean. At leading depart- ment, appliance and health-food stores, or write far free folder. CWCDCN WSPEED JUICER PAT. NO. 2297880 OTHERS PENDING SWEDEN FREEZER MFG. CO. DEPT. JI-] JUICER DIVISION • SEATTLE 99, WASH. 764 (Continued from preceding page) before our Father and before his angels. And each of these faithful ones shall be given a new name, ". . . which no man knoweth saving he that receiveth it." (Rev. 2:17.) ". . . and I will write upon him the name of my God . . . and I will write upon him my new name." (Ibid., 3:12.) If an earthly father has the right to say, "I acknowledge this child as mine; he is heir to my name with all that it stands for; and he is heir to my possessions," how much more right has our Heavenly Father to say this to his children? Can any human birthright be of greater value than your divine one, Tom? Your Heav- enly Father acknowledges you as his child, and offers you the privilege of bearing his name and of becoming heir to all that is his. The Apostle Paul wrote, "For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, they are the sons of God. ". . . ye have received the Spirit of adoption, whereby we cry, Abba, Father. "The Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit, that we are the chil- dren of God: (ti | 1 1 <A (A I x en ■ana to me ulna Richard L. Evans Tn Hamlet, Shakespeare penned this provocative sentence: * "God has given you one face, and you make yourselves another."1 God has also given us in our entrance into this life, a new start for the making of memories, and as we make our memories, we ourselves become the evidence of what we are, and no man need write our record. Many things we might have thought were long-forgotten have proved to be persistent, stored away, only waiting to be recalled. We never know when something will start a chain reaction of ideas that will bring back some memory from the far past. We never know when something will recall a long-forgotten im- pression of the past. Usually memory is useful. We expect it to be — and if we didn't feci that we could count on it, we surely wouldn't spend the years of time and effort in learning, in storing away information, later to be put to some useful purpose. Sometimes it takes a little brushing up, a little freshening of memory to recall what we have once learned, but once having learned something, we expect to be able to bring it back. And this also we would well re- member: that the same process which records what we would want to remember, also records what we would perhaps rather forget. This emphasizes the importance of the making of memories, of the thoughts we think, of what we choose to give our attention to, of what we permit to be stored in our minds. We ourselves are our written record, and if we have written some things wrong, there is still the blessed privilege of repentance, and with it, peace and quiet thoughts can come, even after a bad beginning — if we have the strength and courage and desire to turn about and sincerely improve our performance. But if we want the kind of memories that are good to remember, we had better live and do and think the things that make that kind of memories.* Ulte Spoken Word FROM TEMPLE SQUARE PRESENTED OVER KSL AND THE COLUMBIA BROADCASTING SYSTEM, AUGUST 14, 1955 Copyright, 1955 ^Shakespeare, Hamlet, Act iii, sc. 1, *Revised. " THE IMPROVEMENT ERA "And if children, then heirs; heirs of God, and joint-heirs with Christ; if so be that we suffer with him, that we may be also glorified together." (Romans 8:14-17.) There is a name for you to bear, Tom. There is a Father's blessing for you to receive. You are a mem- ber of a royal family. What more precious knowledge can, you attain than the knowledge of your true in- heritance as a child of God? "I would give everything I own to know who I am." Would you, Tom? President Joseph Fielding Smith Visits the Far East (Continued from page 703) Members of the Church in the Far East had been anxiously awaiting the visitors from Salt Lake City, and when President and Sister Joseph Fielding Smith arrived in Tokyo, many of the Saints, both the Japanese people and the servicemen stationed here, came to the mission home to welcome them. For many of the servicemen it was a little touch of home while faraway. For all it was gratifying to meet these wonderful servants of the Lord. The mission home was crowded with happy peo- ple, and as is usual, there were many surprise meetings of old friends. Over fifteen hundred LDS service- men in the Far East are organized into forty-seven groups and branches, and sixty to seventy percent of these men are active. Last year about $26,000.00 was contributed by them to Church activities in Japan and the Far East. The following Sunday, July 31, a quarterly conference was held for the servicemen of the Central Honshu District in the military chapel at Washington Heights housing area in Tokyo. It was a wonderful feeling to be in such a large congregation again. When the conference got under way, all the seats were filled. After a song and prayer, the names of the leaders of the Church, from Presi- dent David O. McKay on down to our district leaders, were read to give us the privilege of sustaining them with our vote and to remind us of the importance of the principle of free agency in the gospel. One of the sweetest moments of the afternoon came when Sister Smith sat (Concluded on following page) OCTOBER 1955 & vvtfv* This panel of Blue Ridge Doublex Glass gives a cheerful, sparkling dec- orative effect, without sacrifice of light. Patterned Glass adds charm and smartness in your home or office. And — Decorative Glass is practical, transmits light and is NOT expensive. \ \ 65 W. First South— 21st South & 2nd West and Bennett's Branches throughout the Intermountain Country. \Sj8MA^£tt^ Higher Skills Mean Better Jobs There is still time to register for the Au- tumn Quarter. Start your business career NOW! \m Latimer, Janet Sprouse, Nathan R. Larsen Rear : Florence P. Evans, instructor These three students recently won Gregg awards for passing the official 160-word test. Their goal now is 175 words a minute. (Miss Latimer typed 127 words a minute for five minutes without error!) BUSINESS COLLEGE BRANCH OF BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY 70 North Main - EM 3-2765 - Salt Lake City' !"""""'".»„„„ "•"iiiimuu SfND FOR = I '"",, ''",, Send me a kit of information about Autumn Classes and include In The Door" by J. P. McEvoy. Name - Address City 'Get Your Toe '"/, '""/nil""1"1 ni»»>' iii»' State ^ HEADQUARTERS FOR L.D.S. f d IN LAS VEGAS, NEVADA k YE KINGS REST MOTEL 526 SOUTH 5TH STREET Dr. Harold B. Foutz, Owner Edgar H. Foutz, Manager Beautyrest Mattresses Throughout ORocens f QUI CK,EASV SO t>EUClOOS 765 Young Gooding cook plans to become doctor Idaho College Girl Wins Cooking Award It's easy for Jan Willms (right) to impress her college friends with her cooking skill ... all she has to do is show them the ribbons she won in cooking contests. Here Sue McMahon admires the big prize ribbon Jan won just last year — at the Gooding County Fair. Jan is taking a premedical course at the State University, but she's also interested in swimming and dra- matics— and loves to cook. She en- joys using the best ingredients, too, like Fleischmann's Active Dry Yeast. "It's so easy to use," she says. "And always rises fast." Here's a tip for women who bake at home. The handiest yeast you can buy is Fleischmann's Active Dry Yeast. This grand dry yeast is so easy to use — dissolves in a jiffy and rises fast. Fleischmann's Active Dry Yeast makes it so convenient for you to serve yeast-raised specialties. It keeps for months — always ready to use. Ask for Fleischmann's Active Dry Yeast — the yeast prize-winning cooks prefer. Get the New "Thrifty Three" Get the energy you need from TABLE QUEEN Bread Because Table Queen Enriched White Bread is readily digestible, its caloric values become quickly available for energy purposes. That's Vvhy Table Queen bread is the ideal energy food for all kinds of diets . . . and particularly for reducing diets. At the same time it provides essential and very important nutritional contributions to morning, noon and nighttime meals. Combining the proteins of wheat flour and non-fat milk solids, Table Queen Enriched Bread is high in protein content, and an excellent source of vitamins and minerals you need every day. Growing children and ALL adults need the energy Table Queen provides. enriched with vitamins and iron Rich in Milk ROYAL BAKING CO Salt Lake City Ogden HAVE YOU READ . . . "GOSPEL IDEALS"? Selections from the Discourses of David O. McKay At All Bookdealers $4.00 President Joseph Fielding Smith Visits the Far East {Concluded from preceding page) at the piano to play and sing for us "And the Heavens Were Opened." When President Smith came to the rostrum he spoke to an audience eager to hear his words and be coun- seled in the truths of the gospel. The strength and authority of his ad- monitions gave courage to his listen- ers. Among his many worth-while thoughts President Smith advised: "Do not turn to the right or left," and "Search the scriptures to prepare yourself to understand the gospel of Jesus Christ. . . . We have advan- tages of which the world knows noth- ing." And so it went throughout the Sunday afternoon and evening. The Spirit of the Lord seemed present in rich abundance to edify us through all the meetings of the conference. The Saints in the "Land of the Rising Sun" are grateful to President and Sister Smith for making this long trip to do the work of the Lord and strengthen them in the gospel. 766 Melchizedek Priesthood (Continued from page 753) are once again encouraged to be in attendance at stake priesthood and priesthood leadership meetings regu- larly. It is at these meetings that quorum presidencies will receive di- rection from the stake presidency re- garding matters pertinent to priest- hood work and instructions relative to their assigned positions as presi- dencies in Melchizedek Priesthood quorums. No elders quorum presi- dency can function to the best of its possibilities unless its members ob- serve this requirement rigidly. Sixteenth — Presidencies to Direct the Work of Standing Committees Elders quorum presidencies have the responsibility of appointing the quorum standing committees and of directing the work of those commit- tees. Naturally the success of these committees will be determined by the amount of direction given them by quorum presidencies. It has been observed that in the past these com- mittees usually have been appointed, but they have not functioned as effec- tively as they should because they THE IMPROVEMENT ERA have not received sufficient direction from the quorum presidencies. Elders presidencies are encouraged to give more definite direction to these com- mittees. Seventeenth — Presidencies to Attend Various Church Meetings The best way to teach is by ex- ample, and so the elders quorum presidencies are encouraged to set a good example to all quorum members by being in attendance at all of the meetings at which they are supposed to attend. Elders quorum presiden- cies should make as near one hun- dred percent records as possible in their attendance at their priesthood meetings, sacrament meetings, con- ference sessions, monthly stake priest- hood and priesthood leadership meet- ings, their council meetings, and other Church meetings. Stake presi- dencies should recognize the fact that few, if any, excuses are acceptable for quorum presidencies to be absent from their meetings. As directors of the Melchizedek Priesthood quorums throughout the stake, stake presiden- cies should be cognizant of their re- sponsibility in seeing that quorum presidencies become one hundred per- cent attenders at the various Church meetings. Eighteenth — Presidencies to Keep All of God's Commandments Elders presidencies are hereby re- minded that it is their responsibility to set a good example to their quorum members by living as nearly as pos- sible in harmony with all of God's commandments. They are requested to obey the Word of Wisdom, to keep themselves morally clean, to keep the sabbath day holy, to hold family prayers regularly and faithfully, to deal honestly, justly, and righteously with their associates, to love the Lord their God with all their hearts, and to love their neighbors as themselves. Those members of presidencies who do so will be entitled to have the Spirit of God with them and the Holy Ghost to be their constant companion and guide. They will be in a position to direct the activities of their quo- rums under divine inspiration; and under their supervision the work of the Lord will move forward in a pleasing and effective manner. It is suggested that stake presidencies give all the encouragement possible to the members of elders quorum presiden- cies in this respect. OCTOBER 1955 Order By Mail From Pehrson's this AUTOMATIC FRY PAN 10 inch size by ONLY $1995 Postage Paid Heavy aluminum, fully automatic, plug in any outlet. . . . Perfect con- trolled heat for more delicious foods . . . simply set the dial. . . . Square shape cooks 20% more. Ideal as gift for Christmas, wed dings, or anniversaries. PEHRSON HARDWARE 2102 SOUTH 11th EAST • SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH ^$5s«illii0'™' Metal cover JJsigllllpP'^ available l+^Sllll^ $300 extra. MAIL COUPON Please send me one Sunbeam Fry Pan. Inclosed is $19.95 (check or money order.) Name Address City State FRESH CORN TORTILLAS and a COMPLETE LINE OF Mexican Foods Advice and catering suggestions given FREE to organizations putting on Mexican dinners. For full information on prices Call — See or Write MAWS FINE FOODS 350 West 7th South Salt Lake City, Utah Phone EM 3-0609 - WE SHIP ANYWHERE — If Your Child Is A Poor Reader See how The Sound Way To Easy Reading can help him to read and spell better in a few weeks. New home-tutoring course drills your child in phonics with records and cards. Easy to use. University tests and parents' reports show children gain up to full year's grade in 6 weeks. Write for free illustrated folder and low price. Bremner-Davis Phonics, Dept. 0-43, Willmette, Illinois NEW DRIPLESS PLASTIC SACRAMENT SET WE OFFER... A COMPLETE ENGRAVING SERVICE From Missionary Portraits to the Largest Catalogues. Mail Orders Given Prompt Attention UTAH ENGRAVING CO. 231 Edison St. Salt Lake City, Utah Set consists of 2 pieces, a bread and water tray, in beautiful appearing milk white plastic. Large sturdy crystal handles, that fold down for storage, but automatically lock into place when being used. The water tray consists of two pieces: a flat tray, that can be used as a water filler, which in turn locks into a deep tray, that absolutely catches ANY dripping water, and is also a re- ceptacle for used cups, which drop down out of sight. ORDER FOR YOUR WARD TODAY SETS AVAILABLE AT PRESIDING BISHOPRIC'S OFFICE SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH or 1 Order Direct From THE PLASTICAL COMPANY 3575 W. Manchester Blvd. Inglewood 4, California IN USE for SEvilY~rTvFiiAis Aids in treatment of Canker, simple sore throat and other minor mouth and throat irritations. HALLS REMEDY Salt Lake City, Utah 767 ^urRigemd^m% HIGH ACHIEVEMENT Deggy Ann Goodrich was recently honored at sacrament meeting for her six and one-half years per- fect attendance at sacrament meet- ing, Sunday School, and MIA. Dur- ing that time she received an Honor Bee award, became a Mia Joy, and fulfilled her Silver Gleaner require- ments. At the present time she is working toward her Golden Gleaner award. She has received an Indi- vidual Award for each of her six years of perfect activity. She is the daughter of Bishop and Mrs. Darrell Goodrich of Tridell Ward, Uintah (Utah) Stake. Peggy Ann Goodrich Glendale, Arizona Dear Editors: 1 received your note about The Improvement Era, and I wish to express my appreciation to you. I have been trying to get back into the activity of the Church of Jesus Christ, and I'm sure that every little bit will help me to do so. It is my desire to marry in the temple so as to be sealed to the girl 'I'm going to marry. Thank you so very much. Sincerely your brother, (Signed) a/2c Ivan P. Hardman APO San Francisco, California Dear Brethren, It is truly inspiring to me to be able to feel myself in such close ■*■ contact with the Church and with the General Authorities by means of the messages in The Improvement Era. Though I en- joyed reading The Era while at home, it has taken on an added interest and meaning for me since I have been in the service and so far from the customary activities of the Church. I am deeply grateful for my subscription to The Improvement Era. Sincerely, (Signed) Earl G. Clark APO New York, New York Dear Sirs, f Tntil the last three months, the Era has been my only contact ■ with the Church. Our base had been without any members other than myself until January. At that time a branch of the Church was opened up at Nancy, France, for service of all sur- rounding bases and we were then able to hold meetings and have our sacrament each Sunday. However, due to my having to fly on many weekends, my Era remained my constant companion during these times. Now I have moved just outside Paris and will, except when flying, be able to attend branch services in Paris with the many fine members there. Thank you again for sending me the service- men's best friend. The Improvement Era. Your brother, (Signed) Lt. Burns Lundgreen WE PROUDLY PRESENT At a recent quarterly conference of the San Francisco Stake, President Serge J. Lauper presented honorary Master M Man and honorary Golden Gleaner awards to Elder Charles E. Wright and Sister Sylvia W. Moulton. Elder Wright began his activities in Ogden, Utah, as a young man. Coming to California years ago, he and his family took an active part in the MIA of San Francisco Ward. For twelve years now, he has been a member of the ward bishopric, and as such, the adviser to the Mutuals of the ward. Sister Moulton began her Mutual activities in Midway, Utah. A year ago she received a gold pin for being the outstanding teacher in Balboa Ward. She is a beloved adviser and companion to the many young people with whom she has been associated over the years in drama, dances, operettas, and classwork. TACOMA STAKE SPONSORS TEMPLE VISIT T'acoma (Washington) Stake, is just three years old, and the stake * genealogical committee has sponsored three very successful an- nual youth caravans to the temples. (In 1953, thirteen were in the group that came to the Salt Lake Temple; in 1954, there were fifty- five that came to the Salt Lake Temple.) This year 150 youths and adults came to the Logan Temple. During the five-day period in June the group participated in approximately five thousand tem- ple ordinances. Funds for these annual caravans are raised in various ways throughout the year in Tacoma Stake. Elder Arlie G. Masters who first sponsored the caravan idea felt that in order to interest and impress the young men and women as to the importance of temple work and of marriage for eternity, it was necessary to stimulate their interest by helping them to come to a temple once a year, participate in temple baptisms, and feel the spirit of the temple. — Reported by Lillian G. Edwards — Photo courtesy Logan "Herald-Journal" 768 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA ..,,....,., ■for Ancjel ahd you... "'■:■*■&:■ bathroom -tissue -that Is -facial -tissue. Chiffon Tissue is actually facial tissue in rolls for bathroom use! And because it is a twin-ply facial tissue it's double-soft. So very, very gentle. X *3s* - : <2se* S^ '*!& **s, New wet-strength white facial tissues in boxes. Bathroom tissue rolls in these 5 soft colors. (5 Crown Zellerbach Corporation TYPICAL SCENE AT HARVEST TIME, ABOUT 1905 ^e/i^a^Lmiu. . . Classrooms are more crowded, desk styles have changed, and the old pot-bellied stove is gone — even the teaching- methods have undergone considerable streamlining — and all for the better. But when school started this fall, you can be certain that there was a day-dreaming Johnny in almost every classroom who had to be reminded that summer vacation was over . . . and in many classrooms there was a pert, pretty young teacher to remind him ... one of the thousands of well-trained teachers who graduate from our colleges and universities every year. Teaching is an honorable, prideful profession . . . one that requires extensive and intensive education. Funds for that education have been provided for many teachers, and those entering other professions, by a well-planned Beneficial Life Insurance program. Consult your friendly Beneficial Agent for details. BENEFICIAL LIFE Our General Agents 'wteeumee David O. McKay, Pres ommnu Salt Lake City, Utah 4M Thomas L. Smart, our General Agent head- quartered in Portland, Oregon, supervises 12 agents serving an ex- tensive region in west- ern Oregon and south- western Washington. In addition to the Portland area, they serve Eu- gene, The Dalles, Salem, Myrtle Creek, Turner, Port Orford, Tillamook, Klamath Falls, Oregon City, Clackamas, Newport, and South Beach. Gilbert L. Torgeson heads the Glendale, Cal- ifornia agency, and with twelve agents serves Santa Barbara, Ventura, and portions of Los Angeles coun- ties, including Glen- dale, El Monte, Bur- bank, Pasadena, Arca- dia, Van Nuys, Santa Maria, San Fernando, Pacoima, Ventura, Bakersfield, and Alham- bra.